Abstract
In order to evaluate possible reduced nitrate leaching while maintaining yield, `Hamlin' orange and `Flame' grapefruit trees on `Carrizo' or `Swingle Citrumelo' rootstocks were grown from planting using only foliar urea or soil-applied nitrate or ammonium N. An intermediate treatment of foliar and ground N was included also. From the 4th year, yields were recorded for 3 years. As previously reported, canopy growth was greater for the foliar urea treatment for the first 3 years. For 2 of the next 3 bearing years, the grapefruit trees in the foliar urea N treatment produced significantly less yield than the soil-applied treatment and the intermediate treatment was intermediate. The orange trees in the foliar urea treatment produced significantly less fruit than the soil N treatment in only 1 of 3 years, but the yields were numerically less every year. Results for fruit quality and nitrate leaching will be reported also. Foliar urea application alone was more costly and less productive than a soil N program.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea produced greater early canopy growth.
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As previously reported, canopy growth was greater for the foliar urea treatment for the first 3 years.”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Grapefruit under foliar urea yielded significantly less than soil-applied nitrogen in two of three bearing years.
- Taxon
- grapefruit trees
_Pompelino_Grapefruit_002.jpg?width=60)
Citrus ×paradisie0 - Treatment
- foliar urea N treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- 2 of the next 3 bearing yearse0
- Comparator
- soil-applied treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Pompelino_Grapefruit_002.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“For 2 of the next 3 bearing years, the grapefruit trees in the foliar urea N treatment produced significantly less yield than the soil-applied treatment and the intermediate treatment was intermediate.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined foliar and ground nitrogen treatment gave intermediate grapefruit yield.
- Taxon
- grapefruit treesCitrus ×paradisie0
- Treatment
- intermediate treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
- Comparator
- soil-applied treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For 2 of the next 3 bearing years, the grapefruit trees in the foliar urea N treatment produced significantly less yield than the soil-applied treatment and the intermediate treatment was intermediate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange under foliar urea produced significantly less fruit than soil nitrogen in one of three years.
Verbatim
e0“The orange trees in the foliar urea treatment produced significantly less fruit than the soil N treatment in only 1 of 3 years, but the yields were numerically less every year.”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange yield under foliar urea was numerically lower every year than under soil nitrogen.
Verbatim
e0“The orange trees in the foliar urea treatment produced significantly less fruit than the soil N treatment in only 1 of 3 years, but the yields were numerically less every year.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea alone cost more than a soil nitrogen program.
- Treatment
- Foliar urea application alonee0
- Outcome
- costlye0
- Direction
- more costlye0
- Comparator
- soil N programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar urea application alone was more costly and less productive than a soil N program.”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea alone was less productive than a soil nitrogen program.
- Treatment
- Foliar urea application alonee0
- Outcome
- productivee0
- Direction
- less productivee0
- Comparator
- soil N programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar urea application alone was more costly and less productive than a soil N program.”
t0“Citrus Trees”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 39 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
44 papers more in this group
See all 48 papers →nitrogen · yield · Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →application · yield · Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →nitrogen · growth · CitrusPositive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →application · yield · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 65 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
73 papers more in this group
See all 77 papers →application · growth · CitrusResults agree
13 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.