Abstract
Core Ideas Arsenic content in rice was reduced by not flooding fields. Silicon fertilizer did not affect arsenic content in rice. Cultivar and hybrid selection did not affect rice arsenic content. Field tests were conducted at three locations for 2 yr with rice grown with different irrigation systems and rates of calcium silicate fertilizer to determine the effects on brown rice arsenic (As) levels and rice yields. Irrigation systems were sprinkler irrigated using a center‐pivot system, intermittent flooding, and continuous flooding beginning at the first‐tiller rice growth stage. Pelletized calcium silicate fertilizer, a byproduct from steel mills, was applied at 0, 121, and 242 kg Si ha −1 in subplots to bare soil and incorporated. After harvest, rice was de‐hulled to make brown rice grain and tested for total As content. Silicon (Si) fertilizer and cultivar/hybrid selection did not impact rice grain As levels in any of the irrigation programs. Weed control was more difficult to maintain without flooding, which reduced yields. Rice yields grown in aerobic soil conditions with sprinkler irrigation were increased significantly with 60 kg Si ha −1 . The high to low order of total As content in rice grain from plots was continuous‐flood > intermittent flood > sprinkler irrigated. The test site with sprinkler irrigation was on a different soil than intermittent and continuous flood systems. Flooded rice on Overcup silt loam soil averaged 210 µg As kg −1 total As. On Sharkey clay soil, rice with intermittent‐flood irrigation contained 27 µg As kg −1 total As in grain compared with 77 µg As kg −1 in continuous flood, but yield was not significantly different from continuous‐flooded rice. Sprinkler‐irrigated rice on Tiptonville silt loam soil averaged 13 µg As kg −1 .
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon fertilizer did not affect rice grain arsenic.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Silicon (Si) fertilizere0
- Outcome
- rice grain As levelse0
- Direction
- did not impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon (Si) fertilizer and cultivar/hybrid selection did not impact rice grain As levels in any of the irrigation programs”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar or hybrid selection did not affect rice grain arsenic.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- cultivar/hybride0
- Outcome
- rice grain As levelse0
- Direction
- did not impacte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon (Si) fertilizer and cultivar/hybrid selection did not impact rice grain As levels in any of the irrigation programs”
Claim · model-written summary
Less weed control without flooding reduced rice yield.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- without floodinge0
- Interactor
- Weede0weed
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed control was more difficult to maintain without flooding, which reduced yields”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
60 kg Si ha −1 increased yield significantly under sprinkler irrigation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 60 kg Si ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Rice yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- aerobic soil conditions with sprinkler irrigatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice yields grown in aerobic soil conditions with sprinkler irrigation were increased significantly with 60 kg Si ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain arsenic ranked continuous flood above intermittent flood above sprinkler irrigation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- total As content in rice graine0
- Direction
- high to lowe0
- Comparator
- continuous‐flood > intermittent flood > sprinkler irrigatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high to low order of total As content in rice grain from plots was continuous‐flood > intermittent flood > sprinkler irrigated”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded rice on Overcup silt loam averaged 210 µg As kg −1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- total Ase0
- Value
- 210 µg As kg −1e0
- Setting
- Overcup silt loam soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooded rice on Overcup silt loam soil averaged 210 µg As kg −1 total As”
Claim · model-written summary
Intermittently flooded rice on Sharkey clay contained 27 µg As kg −1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- total As in graine0
- Value
- 27 µg As kg −1e0
- Setting
- Sharkey clay soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On Sharkey clay soil, rice with intermittent‐flood irrigation contained 27 µg As kg −1 total As in grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuously flooded rice on Sharkey clay contained 77 µg As kg −1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- total As in graine1
- Value
- 77 µg As kg −1e0
- Setting
- Sharkey clay soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with 77 µg As kg −1 in continuous flood”
e1“On Sharkey clay soil, rice with intermittent‐flood irrigation contained 27 µg As kg −1 total As in grain compared with 77 µg As kg −1 in continuous flood”
Claim · model-written summary
Intermittent flooding did not significantly change yield relative to continuous flooding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- intermittent‐flood irrigatione1
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- continuous‐flooded ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield was not significantly different from continuous‐flooded rice”
e1“On Sharkey clay soil, rice with intermittent‐flood irrigation contained 27 µg As kg −1 total As in grain compared with 77 µg As kg −1 in continuous flood, but yield was not significantly different from continuous‐flooded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprinkler irrigated rice on Tiptonville silt loam averaged 13 µg As kg −1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- As kg −1e0
- Value
- 13 µg As kg −1e0
- Setting
- Tiptonville silt loam soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprinkler‐irrigated rice on Tiptonville silt loam soil averaged 13 µg As kg −1”
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