Paper · 2008 · Physiologia Plantarum

Physiological and cytological mechanisms of silicon‐induced resistance in rice against blast disease

Kunzheng Cai; Dan Gao; Shiming Luo; et al.

9
claims
15
verbatim quotes
314
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea is one of the most destructive diseases in the rice-growing areas of the world. Silicon is an important nutritional element especially for rice. Two near-isogenic lines of rice with different resistance to blast disease, i.e. CO39 (susceptible) and C101LAC (Pi-1) (resistant), were selected to determine the effects of Si amendment on the severity and incidence of rice blast disease. The physiological and cytological mechanisms involved in the induced disease resistance by silicon were investigated. Exogenous Si application at a concentration of 2 mM reduced the disease index by 45% for CO39 and 56% for C101LAC (Pi-1). Si application alone did not change lignin content and the activities of defense-related enzymes including peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in rice leaves of both isogenic lines. However, after inoculation with M. grisea, Si-treated rice plants significantly increased the activities of POD, PPO and PAL in leaves of both isogenic lines. Si and lignin content were also significantly increased in Si-treated inoculated seedlings. Environmental scanning electron microscope observations revealed that Si amendment resulted in higher Si deposit on dumbbell bodies in the rice leaves and silicon papilla accumulation on the guard cell of stoma. These results suggest that silicon-induced defense response and cell silicification of rice leaves altogether contribute to the silicon-induced rice resistance to blast disease.

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Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Exogenous Si at 2 mM reduced the rice blast disease index by 45% in CO39.

Material
CO39e1
Treatment
Exogenous Si application at a concentration of 2 mMe1
Interactor
Magnaporthe griseaPyricularia griseae0pathogen
Outcome
disease indexe1
Direction
reducede1
Value
45%e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Pyricularia grisea
Pyricularia grisea · InteractorPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e1

“Exogenous Si application at a concentration of 2 mM reduced the disease index by 45% for CO39 and 56% for C101LAC (Pi-1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 569–689 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Exogenous Si at 2 mM reduced the rice blast disease index by 56% in C101LAC (Pi-1).

Material
C101LAC (Pi-1)e1
Treatment
Exogenous Si application at a concentration of 2 mMe1
Interactor
Magnaporthe griseaPyricularia griseae0pathogen
Outcome
disease indexe1
Direction
reducede1
Value
56%e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Pyricularia grisea
Pyricularia grisea · InteractorPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e1

“Exogenous Si application at a concentration of 2 mM reduced the disease index by 45% for CO39 and 56% for C101LAC (Pi-1)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 569–689 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Si application alone did not change rice leaf lignin content.

Organ / stage
leavese2
Treatment
Si application alonee2
Outcome
lignin contente2
Direction
did not changee2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“Si application alone did not change lignin content and the activities of defense-related enzymes including peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in rice leaves of both isogenic lines”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 691–916 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Si application alone did not change the activities of POD, PPO and PAL in rice leaves.

Organ / stage
leavese2
Treatment
Si application alonee2
Gene
peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)e2
Outcome
activities of defense-related enzymese2
Direction
did not changee2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e2

“Si application alone did not change lignin content and the activities of defense-related enzymes including peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in rice leaves of both isogenic lines”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 691–916 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

After M. grisea inoculation, Si-treated rice significantly increased the activities of POD, PPO and PAL in leaves.

Organ / stage
leavese3
Treatment
Si-treatede3
Interactor
M. griseaPyricularia griseae3pathogen
Outcome
activities of POD, PPO and PALe3
Direction
significantly increasede3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Pyricularia grisea
Pyricularia grisea · InteractorPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e3

“after inoculation with M. grisea, Si-treated rice plants significantly increased the activities of POD, PPO and PAL in leaves of both isogenic lines”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 927–1075 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Si and lignin content increased significantly in Si-treated inoculated rice seedlings.

Organ / stage
seedlingse4
Treatment
Si-treatede4
Outcome
Si and lignin contente4
Direction
significantly increasede4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e4

“Si and lignin content were also significantly increased in Si-treated inoculated seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1077–1167 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Si amendment gave higher Si deposits on dumbbell bodies in rice leaves.

Organ / stage
dumbbell bodiese5
Treatment
Si amendmente5
Outcome
Si deposit on dumbbell bodiese5
Direction
highere5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e5

“Si amendment resulted in higher Si deposit on dumbbell bodies in the rice leaves and silicon papilla accumulation on the guard cell of stoma”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1239–1379 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Si amendment increased silicon papilla accumulation on guard cells of rice stomata.

Organ / stage
guard cell of stomae5
Treatment
Si amendmente5
Outcome
silicon papilla accumulatione5
Direction
increaseinferrede5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Rice (Oryza sativa L.) blast disease caused by Magnaporthe grisea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–65 · show in text ↑
e5

“Si amendment resulted in higher Si deposit on dumbbell bodies in the rice leaves and silicon papilla accumulation on the guard cell of stoma”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1239–1379 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon-induced defense response and cell silicification of rice leaves are suggested to contribute to silicon-induced resistance to blast disease.

Outcome
resistance to blast diseasee6
Qualifier
silicon-induced defense response and cell silicificatione6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e6

“silicon-induced defense response and cell silicification of rice leaves altogether contribute to the silicon-induced rice resistance to blast disease”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1408–1557 · show in text ↑

silicon atom · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

177 papers: 164 positive, 13 negative or no effect

163 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

173 papers more in this group

See all 177 papers →

silicon atom · physiology: enzyme activity · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 2 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative
See all 4 papers →

silicon atom · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

77 papers: 66 positive, 11 negative or no effect

65 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. positive

73 papers more in this group

See all 77 papers →

silicon atom · Pyricularia grisea · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

7 papers: 7 positive, 0 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

other · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

32 papers: 28 positive, 4 negative or no effect

27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

28 papers more in this group

See all 32 papers →

other · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

73 papers: 68 positive, 5 negative or no effect

67 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

69 papers more in this group

See all 73 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.