Abstract
Abstract High rice (Oryza sativa L.) yields are closely related to plant absorption of a large amount of nitrogen (N). However, there is little information on the fate of N applied at the middle growth stages of rice. Labeled 15N ammonium sulfate was applied at the panicle formation stage in Experiment I, and 10 d after heading in Experiment II. Zeolite was also added at the concentration of 0, 0.01, and 0.1 kg kg-1 to increase the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. The amount of 15N fertilizer in the soil surface water decreased exponentially and the fertilizer disappeared within 2 d after application. The soil that received zeolite at 0.1 kg kg-1 exhibited significantly less 15NH4 +-N in the surface water and in the soil solution than the soil without the zeolite amendment. A significantly larger amount of exchangeable 15NH4 +-N was observed in the high zeolite-treatment of soil compared to the low zeolite-treatment of soil. The amount of exchangeable 15NH4 +-N increased initially, and thereafter decreased to traces 4 d after application in Experiment I, while 6 or 9 d after application in Experiment II. The disappearance of exchangeable 15NH4 +-N could be attributed mainly to the uptake by plants. The zeolite amendment or the time of N application did not significantly affect the amount of immobilized N. The rate of N adsorption was inhibited with increasing zeolite application. Moreover, zeolite application did not increase the recovery percentage of ammonium sulfate by rice plants. The total recovery of applied N ranged from 65 to 75%, irrespective of the zeolite treatments or the time of N application.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Applied 15N fertilizer fell exponentially in surface water and disappeared within two days.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Oryza sativae0 - Outcome
- amount of 15N fertilizer in the soil surface watere1
- Direction
- decreased exponentiallye1
- Value
- within 2 de1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The amount of 15N fertilizer in the soil surface water decreased exponentially and the fertilizer disappeared within 2 d after application”
Claim · model-written summary
High zeolite reduced ammonium N in surface water and soil solution significantly.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- zeolite at 0.1 kg kg-1e1
- Outcome
- 15NH4 +-N in the surface water and in the soil solutione1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- soil without the zeolite amendmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The soil that received zeolite at 0.1 kg kg-1 exhibited significantly less 15NH4 +-N in the surface water and in the soil solution than the soil without the zeolite amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
High zeolite increased exchangeable ammonium N versus low zeolite significantly.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- high zeolite-treatment of soile1
- Outcome
- amount of exchangeable 15NH4 +-Ne1
- Direction
- largere1
- Comparator
- low zeolite-treatment of soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“A significantly larger amount of exchangeable 15NH4 +-N was observed in the high zeolite-treatment of soil compared to the low zeolite-treatment of soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable ammonium N rose initially, then declined to traces after four days in experiment I.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- amount of exchangeable 15NH4 +-Ne1
- Direction
- increased initially, and thereafter decreasede1
- Value
- 4 de1
- Qualifier
- Experiment Ie1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The amount of exchangeable 15NH4 +-N increased initially, and thereafter decreased to traces 4 d after application in Experiment I”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable ammonium N declined to traces after six or nine days in experiment II.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- exchangeable 15NH4 +-Ne2
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 6 or 9 de1
- Qualifier
- Experiment IIe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“decreased to traces 4 d after application in Experiment I, while 6 or 9 d after application in Experiment II”
e2“The amount of exchangeable 15NH4 +-N increased initially”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant uptake was the authors’ main explanation for loss of exchangeable ammonium N.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- disappearance of exchangeable 15NH4 +-Ne1
- Qualifier
- uptake by plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The disappearance of exchangeable 15NH4 +-N could be attributed mainly to the uptake by plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeolite amendment did not significantly affect immobilized N.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- zeolite amendmente1
- Outcome
- amount of immobilized Ne1
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The zeolite amendment or the time of N application did not significantly affect the amount of immobilized N”
Claim · model-written summary
Application timing did not significantly affect immobilized N.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- time of N applicatione1
- Outcome
- amount of immobilized Ne1
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The zeolite amendment or the time of N application did not significantly affect the amount of immobilized N”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zeolite application inhibited N adsorption rate.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- increasing zeolite applicatione1
- Outcome
- rate of N adsorptione1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The rate of N adsorption was inhibited with increasing zeolite application”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeolite did not increase rice recovery of ammonium sulfate.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Treatment
- zeolite applicatione1
- Outcome
- recovery percentage of ammonium sulfate by rice plantse1
- Direction
- did not increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“zeolite application did not increase the recovery percentage of ammonium sulfate by rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Total applied N recovery was 65 to 75%, independent of zeolite treatment or application timing.
- Taxon
- rice (Oryza sativa L.)Oryza sativae0
- Outcome
- total recovery of applied Ne1
- Value
- 65 to 75%e1
- Qualifier
- irrespective of the zeolite treatments or the time of N applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“The total recovery of applied N ranged from 65 to 75%, irrespective of the zeolite treatments or the time of N application”
The same questions in other papers
other · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.