Abstract
A sprayable formulation of 1-MCP (250 μL·L -1 ) and 1% oil adjuvant was applied to `McIntosh' and `Empire' apple trees 24, 14, and 7 days prior to anticipated optimum harvest dates (early, mid-, and late-spray timings, respectively), and fruit harvested sequentially over 2 to 3 weeks from this date. At harvest, internal ethylene concentrations (IEC), percentage of blush, starch indices, firmness, and soluble solids concentration (SSC) were measured, as well as ethylene production of fruit maintained for 7 days at 20 °C. Additional fruit were stored in air (0.5 °C) with or without postharvest 1-MCP treatment. Preharvest drop of `McIntosh' apples was also measured. Quality of these fruit was assessed at intervals for up to 4.5 months (`McIntosh') or 6 months (`Empire'). All spray timing resulted in marked delays of preharvest drop. For both cultivars, increases of IEC were inhibited or delayed by sprayable 1-MCP treatment, but effects on other maturity and quality factors were small. Ethylene production of treated fruit was lower than that of untreated fruit. The effects of sprayable 1-MCP on IEC and firmness were maintained during storage, but the longetivity of these effects was affected by cultivar, spray timing, and storage period. Postharvest application of 1-MCP further inhibited IEC and maintained firmness of the fruit during storage. These experiments show that sprayable 1-MCP may be a valuable tool to manipulate both pre- and postharvest responses of apple fruit. However, with the formulation used in these experiments, phytotoxicity, primarily as damage around lenticel areas, was observed at harvest indicating that further development of the formulation is necessary for industry use.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayable 1-MCP markedly delayed preharvest drop of apples.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- sprayable 1-MCPe2
- Outcome
- preharvest drope1
- Direction
- delayse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprayable 1-MCP Effects on Maturity and Quality of Apple Fruit”
e1“All spray timing resulted in marked delays of preharvest drop”
e2“For both cultivars, increases of IEC were inhibited or delayed by sprayable 1-MCP treatment, but effects on other maturity and quality factors were small”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayable 1-MCP inhibited or delayed increases of internal ethylene concentration in apples.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- sprayable 1-MCP treatmente2
- Outcome
- increases of IECe2
- Direction
- inhibited or delayede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprayable 1-MCP Effects on Maturity and Quality of Apple Fruit”
e2“For both cultivars, increases of IEC were inhibited or delayed by sprayable 1-MCP treatment, but effects on other maturity and quality factors were small”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayable 1-MCP had small effects on other maturity and quality factors of apples.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- sprayable 1-MCPe2
- Outcome
- other maturity and quality factorse2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprayable 1-MCP Effects on Maturity and Quality of Apple Fruit”
e2“For both cultivars, increases of IEC were inhibited or delayed by sprayable 1-MCP treatment, but effects on other maturity and quality factors were small”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production of 1-MCP-treated apple fruit was lower than that of untreated fruit.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- sprayable 1-MCPe2
- Outcome
- Ethylene productione3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- untreated fruite3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprayable 1-MCP Effects on Maturity and Quality of Apple Fruit”
e2“For both cultivars, increases of IEC were inhibited or delayed by sprayable 1-MCP treatment, but effects on other maturity and quality factors were small”
e3“Ethylene production of treated fruit was lower than that of untreated fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of sprayable 1-MCP on internal ethylene concentration and firmness were maintained during storage.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- sprayable 1-MCPe4
- Outcome
- IEC and firmnesse4
- Direction
- maintainede4
- Qualifier
- during storagee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprayable 1-MCP Effects on Maturity and Quality of Apple Fruit”
e4“The effects of sprayable 1-MCP on IEC and firmness were maintained during storage, but the longetivity of these effects was affected by cultivar, spray timing, and storage period”
Claim · model-written summary
Longevity of sprayable 1-MCP effects on apples depends on cultivar, spray timing and storage period.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- spray timinge4
- Outcome
- longetivity of these effectse4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprayable 1-MCP Effects on Maturity and Quality of Apple Fruit”
e4“The effects of sprayable 1-MCP on IEC and firmness were maintained during storage, but the longetivity of these effects was affected by cultivar, spray timing, and storage period”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest application of 1-MCP further inhibited internal ethylene concentration in apples during storage.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Postharvest application of 1-MCPe5
- Outcome
- IECe5
- Direction
- further inhibitede5
- Qualifier
- during storagee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprayable 1-MCP Effects on Maturity and Quality of Apple Fruit”
e5“Postharvest application of 1-MCP further inhibited IEC and maintained firmness of the fruit during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Postharvest application of 1-MCP maintained apple firmness during storage.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Postharvest application of 1-MCPe5
- Outcome
- firmnesse5
- Direction
- maintainede5
- Qualifier
- during storagee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprayable 1-MCP Effects on Maturity and Quality of Apple Fruit”
e5“Postharvest application of 1-MCP further inhibited IEC and maintained firmness of the fruit during storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayable 1-MCP formulation caused phytotoxicity on apples at harvest, primarily as damage around lenticel areas.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- the formulation used in these experimentse6
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye6
- Qualifier
- primarily as damage around lenticel arease6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprayable 1-MCP Effects on Maturity and Quality of Apple Fruit”
e6“However, with the formulation used in these experiments, phytotoxicity, primarily as damage around lenticel areas, was observed at harvest indicating that further development of the formulation is necessary for industry use”
Claim · model-written summary
Further development of the sprayable 1-MCP formulation is necessary for industry use.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- further development of the formulatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprayable 1-MCP Effects on Maturity and Quality of Apple Fruit”
e6“However, with the formulation used in these experiments, phytotoxicity, primarily as damage around lenticel areas, was observed at harvest indicating that further development of the formulation is necessary for industry use”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayable 1-MCP may be a valuable tool to manipulate pre- and postharvest responses of apple fruit.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- manipulate both pre- and postharvest responses of apple fruite7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sprayable 1-MCP Effects on Maturity and Quality of Apple Fruit”
e7“These experiments show that sprayable 1-MCP may be a valuable tool to manipulate both pre- and postharvest responses of apple fruit”
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