Abstract
This study was conducted with the purpose of learning the effects of prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) on the vegetative and fruiting growth of the apple cv ‘Golden Delicious’ and relate these effects to the levels of endogenous gibberellins, cytokinins and auxins in shoot tips. The growth retardant was sprayed on trees early in the spring when shoot growth reached 5 cm in length. The concentration dosages of P-Ca were 0 (control), 125, 175 and 250 mg L -1 . The results showed that P-Ca at any concentration reduced the final length of shoots and internodes. The leaf number per shoot was also reduced in all P-Ca treated trees. The growth retardant at 175 and 250 mg L -1 increased total yield per tree, reflected by a higher fruit set but reduced, although not statistically, fruit weight. Harvested fruits from these treatments showed an increase in firmness and a reduction in soluble solids. The endogenous hormone status was analyzed by bioassay and GC-MS on shoot tips from apple trees treated with prohexadione-ca at 250 mg L -1 . The levels of gibberellins and auxins in shoot tips were decreased soon after the P-Ca application; whereas the cytokinin content increased. In these P-Ca tissues, it was possible to identify gibberellins A9, A20, A51 and A53. In control samples gibberellins A1, A4 and A7, were identified.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Prohexadione-Ca at any tested concentration reduced final shoot and internode length in apple.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- P-Ca at any concentratione0
- Outcome
- final length of shoots and internodese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that P-Ca at any concentration reduced the final length of shoots and internodes.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Prohexadione-Ca reduced apple leaf number per shoot at all tested concentrations.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- P-Cae0
- Outcome
- leaf number per shoote0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf number per shoot was also reduced in all P-Ca treated trees.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Prohexadione-Ca at 175 and 250 mg L -1 increased apple yield per tree.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- growth retardant at 175 and 250 mg L -1e0
- Outcome
- total yield per treee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth retardant at 175 and 250 mg L -1 increased total yield per tree, reflected by a higher fruit set but reduced, although not statistically, fruit weight.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Prohexadione-Ca at 175 and 250 mg L -1 increased apple fruit set.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- growth retardant at 175 and 250 mg L -1e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth retardant at 175 and 250 mg L -1 increased total yield per tree, reflected by a higher fruit set but reduced, although not statistically, fruit weight.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Prohexadione-Ca at 175 and 250 mg L -1 reduced apple fruit weight without statistical significance.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- growth retardant at 175 and 250 mg L -1e0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth retardant at 175 and 250 mg L -1 increased total yield per tree, reflected by a higher fruit set but reduced, although not statistically, fruit weight.”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit from apple trees treated with prohexadione-Ca at 175 and 250 mg L -1 had greater firmness.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- growth retardant at 175 and 250 mg L -1e1
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvested fruits from these treatments showed an increase in firmness and a reduction in soluble solids.”
e1“The growth retardant at 175 and 250 mg L -1 increased total yield per tree”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit from apple trees treated with prohexadione-Ca at 175 and 250 mg L -1 had lower soluble solids.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- growth retardant at 175 and 250 mg L -1e1
- Outcome
- soluble solidse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvested fruits from these treatments showed an increase in firmness and a reduction in soluble solids.”
e1“The growth retardant at 175 and 250 mg L -1 increased total yield per tree”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
At 250 mg L -1, prohexadione-Ca decreased gibberellin and auxin levels in apple shoot tips soon after application.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- shoot tipse0
- Treatment
- prohexadione-ca at 250 mg L -1e1
- Outcome
- levels of gibberellins and auxinse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of gibberellins and auxins in shoot tips were decreased soon after the P-Ca application; whereas the cytokinin content increased.”
e1“apple trees treated with prohexadione-ca at 250 mg L -1”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
At 250 mg L -1, prohexadione-Ca increased cytokinin content in apple shoot tips.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- shoot tipse0
- Treatment
- prohexadione-ca at 250 mg L -1e1
- Outcome
- cytokinin contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of gibberellins and auxins in shoot tips were decreased soon after the P-Ca application; whereas the cytokinin content increased.”
e1“apple trees treated with prohexadione-ca at 250 mg L -1”
t0“apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellins A9, A20 and A51 were identified in prohexadione-Ca treated apple shoot tips.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- shoot tipse1
- Treatment
- prohexadione-ca at 250 mg L -1e1
- Outcome
- gibberellins A9, A20, A51e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In these P-Ca tissues, it was possible to identify gibberellins A9, A20, A51 and A53.”
e1“shoot tips from apple trees treated with prohexadione-ca at 250 mg L -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin A53 was identified in prohexadione-Ca treated apple shoot tips.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- shoot tipse1
- Treatment
- prohexadione-ca at 250 mg L -1e1
- Outcome
- A53e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In these P-Ca tissues, it was possible to identify gibberellins A9, A20, A51 and A53.”
e1“shoot tips from apple trees treated with prohexadione-ca at 250 mg L -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellins A1, A4 and A7 were identified in untreated apple shoot-tip samples.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- gibberellins A1, A4 and A7e0
- Qualifier
- control samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In control samples gibberellins A1, A4 and A7, were identified.”
t0“apple trees”
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.