Abstract
Under rainfed conditions, farmers rarely use micro-nutrients for crop production, due to which soils become deficient especially in zinc (Zn) and boron (B).Secondly, farmers apply nutrients through soil application but scarcity/less availability of moisture make the nutrients unavailable for crop plants.Under such circumstances, foliar application of Zn and B may play a key role for better crop growth and yield.Therefore this field study was conducted to investigate the role of Zn and B application alone and in combination through seed, soil and foliar application methods on growth, yield and net returns of maize grown under rainfed conditions.Results showed that combined application of Zn and B on foliage improved relative water contents, SPAD chlorophyll values, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), and grain yield due to substantial expansion in entire yield related traits.Combined foliar application of Zn and B harvested 12% and 45% more yield compared with seed priming and control treatments, respectively.The foliar application of Zn and B in combination counteracted the low rainfall effect by producing higher relative water contents that helped in improving SPAD-chlorophyll values, LAI and CGR.Higher net returns and benefit: cost ratio was also obtained by foliar application of Zn and B in combination.In conclusion, combined foliar application of B and Zn improved maize yield due to significant expansion in allometric and yield related traits and thus improved net returns of maize grown under rainfed conditions of Pothwar plateu in Pakistan.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Zn and B improved relative water contents, SPAD chlorophyll values and leaf area index of maize under rainfed conditions.
- Treatment
- combined application of Zn and B on foliagee1
- Outcome
- relative water contents, SPAD chlorophyll values, leaf area index (LAI)e1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Setting
- rainfed conditions of Pothwar plateu in Pakistane6
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“combined application of Zn and B on foliage improved relative water contents, SPAD chlorophyll values, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), and grain yield due to substantial expansion in entire yield related traits”
e5“combined foliar application of B and Zn improved maize yield due to significant expansion in allometric and yield related traits”
e6“rainfed conditions of Pothwar plateu in Pakistan”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Zn and B improved crop growth rate and grain yield of maize.
- Treatment
- combined application of Zn and B on foliagee1
- Outcome
- crop growth rate (CGR), and grain yielde1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“combined application of Zn and B on foliage improved relative water contents, SPAD chlorophyll values, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), and grain yield due to substantial expansion in entire yield related traits”
e5“combined foliar application of B and Zn improved maize yield due to significant expansion in allometric and yield related traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Zn and B harvested 12% more maize yield than seed priming.
- Treatment
- Combined foliar application of Zn and Be2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 12%e2
- Comparator
- seed priminge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Combined foliar application of Zn and B harvested 12% and 45% more yield compared with seed priming and control treatments, respectively”
e5“combined foliar application of B and Zn improved maize yield due to significant expansion in allometric and yield related traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined foliar Zn and B harvested 45% more maize yield than the control.
- Treatment
- Combined foliar application of Zn and Be2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 45%e2
- Comparator
- control treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Combined foliar application of Zn and B harvested 12% and 45% more yield compared with seed priming and control treatments, respectively”
e5“combined foliar application of B and Zn improved maize yield due to significant expansion in allometric and yield related traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn and B in combination produced higher relative water contents, which counteracted the low rainfall effect on maize.
- Treatment
- foliar application of Zn and B in combinatione3
- Outcome
- relative water contentse3
- Direction
- highere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The foliar application of Zn and B in combination counteracted the low rainfall effect by producing higher relative water contents”
e5“combined foliar application of B and Zn improved maize yield due to significant expansion in allometric and yield related traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn and B in combination gave higher net returns and benefit:cost ratio for maize.
- Treatment
- foliar application of Zn and B in combinatione4
- Outcome
- net returns and benefit: cost ratioe4
- Direction
- Highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Higher net returns and benefit: cost ratio was also obtained by foliar application of Zn and B in combination”
e5“combined foliar application of B and Zn improved maize yield due to significant expansion in allometric and yield related traits”
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