Abstract
The specific functions of the genes encoding arginine biosynthesis enzymes in plants are not well characterized. We report the isolation and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana N-acetylglutamate kinase (NAGK), which catalyzes the second step of arginine biosynthesis. NAGK is a plastid-localized protein and is expressed during most developmental processes in Arabidopsis. Heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis NAGK gene in a NAGK-deficient Escherichia coli strain fully restores bacterial growth on arginine-deficient medium. nagk mutant pollen tubes grow more slowly than wild type pollen tubes and the phenotype is restored by either specifically through complementation by NAGK in pollen, or exogenous supplementation of arginine. nagk female gametophytes are defective in micropylar pollen tube guidance due to the fact that female gametophyte cell fate specification was specifically affected. Expression of NAGK in synergid cells rescues the defect of nagk female gametophytes. Loss-of-function of NAGK results in Arabidopsis embryos not developing beyond the four-celled embryo stage. The embryo-defective phenotype in nagk/NAGK plants cannot be rescued by watering nagk/NAGK plants with arginine or ornithine supplementation. In conclusion, our results reveal a novel role of NAGK and arginine in regulating gametophyte function and embryo development, and provide valuable insights into arginine transport during embryo development.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis NAGK fully restores bacterial growth on arginine-deficient medium in a NAGK-deficient Escherichia coli strain.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Material
- NAGK-deficient Escherichia coli straine1
- Treatment
- Heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis NAGK genee1
- Gene
- NAGKe1
- Outcome
- bacterial growth on arginine-deficient mediume1
- Direction
- restorese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“Heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis NAGK gene in a NAGK-deficient Escherichia coli strain fully restores bacterial growth on arginine-deficient medium”
Claim · model-written summary
nagk mutant pollen tubes grow more slowly than wild-type pollen tubes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- nagk mutante2
- Organ / stage
- pollen tubese2
- Outcome
- pollen tubese2
- Direction
- more slowlye2
- Comparator
- wild typee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“nagk mutant pollen tubes grow more slowly than wild type pollen tubes and the phenotype is restored by either specifically through complementation by NAGK in pollen, or exogenous supplementation of arginine”
Claim · model-written summary
Complementation by NAGK in pollen restores the nagk mutant pollen tube growth phenotype.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- pollene2
- Treatment
- complementation by NAGK in pollene2
- Gene
- NAGKe2
- Outcome
- phenotypee2
- Direction
- restorede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“nagk mutant pollen tubes grow more slowly than wild type pollen tubes and the phenotype is restored by either specifically through complementation by NAGK in pollen, or exogenous supplementation of arginine”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous arginine supplementation restores the nagk mutant pollen tube growth phenotype.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- exogenous supplementation of argininee2
- Compound
- argininee2
- Outcome
- phenotypee2
- Direction
- restorede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“nagk mutant pollen tubes grow more slowly than wild type pollen tubes and the phenotype is restored by either specifically through complementation by NAGK in pollen, or exogenous supplementation of arginine”
Claim · model-written summary
nagk female gametophytes are defective in micropylar pollen tube guidance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- nagk female gametophytese3
- Organ / stage
- female gametophytese3
- Outcome
- micropylar pollen tube guidancee3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e3“nagk female gametophytes are defective in micropylar pollen tube guidance due to the fact that female gametophyte cell fate specification was specifically affected”
Claim · model-written summary
The defect in micropylar pollen tube guidance of nagk female gametophytes is explained by specifically affected female gametophyte cell fate specification.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- micropylar pollen tube guidancee3
- Qualifier
- female gametophyte cell fate specification was specifically affectede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e3“nagk female gametophytes are defective in micropylar pollen tube guidance due to the fact that female gametophyte cell fate specification was specifically affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of NAGK in synergid cells rescues the defect of nagk female gametophytes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- synergid cellse4
- Treatment
- Expression of NAGK in synergid cellse4
- Gene
- NAGKe4
- Outcome
- defect of nagk female gametophytese4
- Direction
- rescuese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e4“Expression of NAGK in synergid cells rescues the defect of nagk female gametophytes”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss-of-function of NAGK results in Arabidopsis embryos not developing beyond the four-celled embryo stage.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- four-celled embryo stagee5
- Treatment
- Loss-of-function of NAGKe5
- Gene
- NAGKe5
- Outcome
- embryos not developing beyond the four-celled embryo stagee5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e5“Loss-of-function of NAGK results in Arabidopsis embryos not developing beyond the four-celled embryo stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Watering nagk/NAGK plants with arginine does not rescue the embryo-defective phenotype.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- nagk/NAGK plantse6
- Treatment
- watering nagk/NAGK plants with argininee6
- Compound
- argininee6
- Outcome
- embryo-defective phenotypee6
- Direction
- cannot be rescuede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e6“The embryo-defective phenotype in nagk/NAGK plants cannot be rescued by watering nagk/NAGK plants with arginine or ornithine supplementation”
Claim · model-written summary
Watering nagk/NAGK plants with ornithine does not rescue the embryo-defective phenotype.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- nagk/NAGK plantse6
- Treatment
- ornithine supplementatione6
- Compound
- ornithinee6
- Outcome
- embryo-defective phenotypee6
- Direction
- cannot be rescuede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Acetylglutamate kinase is required for both gametophyte function and embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e6“The embryo-defective phenotype in nagk/NAGK plants cannot be rescued by watering nagk/NAGK plants with arginine or ornithine supplementation”
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