Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa), the staple food of more than half of the population of the world, is an important target to provide food security and livelihoods for millions. Direct seeding of rice (DSR) refers to the process of establishing the crop from seeds sown in the field rather than by transplanting seedling from the nursery. Before the advent of Green revolution and adoption of irrigation, rainfed rice was often broadcasted into moist soil and yields were low, variable and highly prone to weed competition. Weed spectrum and degree of infestation in rice field are often determined by rice ecosystems and establishment methods. Research evidences at different places has shown around 20–100% losses due to weeds such as Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa spp., Cyanotis spp., Commelina sp., Digitaria spp. and Alternanthera sp in DSR. Integrated weed management approach based on the critical period of crop weed competition, involving different direct and indirect control measures, has been developed and widely adopted by farmers to overcome weed problem in DSR in a sustainable way. Stale seed bed combined with herbicide (paraquat/glyphosate) and zero till results in better control. About 53% lower density was recorded due to stale seed bed. Brown manuring of Sesbania reduces weed population by 50%. Mulches, crop rotation and rice cultivars like ‘Narender 359’ and ‘Sarjoo 52’ were found better for Indo-Gangetic plains. Application of penoxsulam 25 g/ha as broad-spectrum, azimsulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl for Cyperus spp., pendimethalin at 1.25 kg/ha for Echinochloa spp. were found suitable for chemical weed management.Weed-competitive and allelopathic rice varieties, seed priming for increased weed competitiveness, higher seeding density should be considered as a management strategy.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds cause around 20–100% losses in direct-seeded rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Interactor
- Echinochloa spp.
Echinochloae0weed - Outcome
- losses due to weedse0
- Value
- 20–100%e0
- Qualifier
- Leptochloa spp., Cyanotis spp., Commelina sp., Digitaria spp. and Alternanthera spe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“around 20–100% losses due to weeds such as Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa spp., Cyanotis spp., Commelina sp., Digitaria spp. and Alternanthera sp in DSR”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Stale seed bed combined with herbicide and zero till provides better weed control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Stale seed bed combined with herbicide (paraquat/glyphosate) and zero tille0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stale seed bed combined with herbicide (paraquat/glyphosate) and zero till results in better control”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Stale seed bed lowered weed density by about 53%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 53% lower density was recorded due to stale seed bed”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown manuring of Sesbania reduces weed population by 50%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Brown manuring of Sesbaniae0
- Outcome
- weed populatione0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Value
- 50%e0
SesbaniaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brown manuring of Sesbania reduces weed population by 50%”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulches and crop rotation were found better for the Indo-Gangetic plains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Mulches, crop rotatione0
- Outcome
- found bettere0
- Setting
- Indo-Gangetic plainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulches, crop rotation and rice cultivars like ‘Narender 359’ and ‘Sarjoo 52’ were found better for Indo-Gangetic plains”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice cultivar Narender 359 was found better for the Indo-Gangetic plains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Narender 359e0
- Outcome
- found bettere0
- Setting
- Indo-Gangetic plainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice cultivars like ‘Narender 359’ and ‘Sarjoo 52’ were found better for Indo-Gangetic plains”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice cultivar Sarjoo 52 was found better for the Indo-Gangetic plains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Sarjoo 52e0
- Outcome
- found bettere0
- Setting
- Indo-Gangetic plainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice cultivars like ‘Narender 359’ and ‘Sarjoo 52’ were found better for Indo-Gangetic plains”
Claim · model-written summary
Penoxsulam was found suitable for chemical weed management.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- Application of penoxsulam 25 g/ha as broad-spectrume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of penoxsulam 25 g/ha as broad-spectrum, azimsulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl for Cyperus spp., pendimethalin at 1.25 kg/ha for Echinochloa spp. were found suitable for chemical weed management”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Azimsulfuron plus metsulfuron-methyl was found suitable for Cyperus management.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- azimsulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl for Cyperus spp.e0
CyperusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“azimsulfuron + metsulfuron-methyl for Cyperus spp.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin was found suitable for Echinochloa management.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Echinochloa spp.Echinochloae0weed
- Outcome
- pendimethalin at 1.25 kg/ha for Echinochloa spp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin at 1.25 kg/ha for Echinochloa spp. were found suitable for chemical weed management”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend weed-competitive or allelopathic rice varieties, seed priming, and higher seeding density.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Weed-competitive and allelopathic rice varieties, seed priming for increased weed competitiveness, higher seeding densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed-competitive and allelopathic rice varieties, seed priming for increased weed competitiveness, higher seeding density should be considered as a management strategy”
The same questions in other papers
paraquat · control · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
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glyphosate · control · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
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See all 7 papers →Sesbania · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
17 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 68 papers →tillage · control · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.