Abstract
In this study, the effects of Funelliformis mosseae and Piriformospora indica on wheat growth, enzyme activity and gene expression of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in wheat leaves under different cadmium (Cd) toxicity were investigated. Cd exposure reduced plant dry mass and enzyme activities of CAT and APX, but it increased GST activity. The presence of F. mosseae and P. indica (alone or together) caused an increase in plant dry mass and activities of CAT, APX and GST. In response to Cd exposure, transcriptional level of CAT was decreased but, transcription of APX and GST was up-regulated. Although F. mosseae induced the expression of the antioxidant genes, P. indica was not detected to have such a strong induction in the genes expression. The results obtained from this study suggest that F. mosseae and P. indica can be used to alleviate Cd stress in wheat plants in contaminated soil. Also, no correlation was observed between mRNA and enzyme alterations in some cases, which indicate that post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations may play major roles.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced wheat dry mass and CAT and APX activities.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Gene
- CAT and APXe0
- Outcome
- plant dry mass and enzyme activities of CAT and APXe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd exposure reduced plant dry mass and enzyme activities of CAT and APX, but it increased GST activity.”
t0“wheat affected by mycorrhizal fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased wheat GST activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Gene
- GSTe0
- Outcome
- GST activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd exposure reduced plant dry mass and enzyme activities of CAT and APX, but it increased GST activity.”
t0“wheat affected by mycorrhizal fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae increased plant dry mass and CAT, APX and GST activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- presence of F. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant dry mass and activities of CAT, APX and GSTe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of F. mosseae and P. indica (alone or together) caused an increase in plant dry mass and activities of CAT, APX and GST.”
t0“wheat affected by mycorrhizal fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica increased plant dry mass and CAT, APX and GST activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- presence of F. mosseae and P. indicae0
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant dry mass and activities of CAT, APX and GSTe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of F. mosseae and P. indica (alone or together) caused an increase in plant dry mass and activities of CAT, APX and GST.”
t0“wheat affected by mycorrhizal fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Together the two fungi increased plant dry mass and antioxidant activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- F. mosseae and P. indicae0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant dry mass and activities of CAT, APX and GSTe0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of F. mosseae and P. indica (alone or together) caused an increase in plant dry mass and activities of CAT, APX and GST.”
t0“wheat affected by mycorrhizal fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased CAT transcription.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Gene
- CATe0
- Outcome
- transcriptional level of CATe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In response to Cd exposure, transcriptional level of CAT was decreased but, transcription of APX and GST was up-regulated.”
t0“wheat affected by mycorrhizal fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium up-regulated APX and GST transcription.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cd exposuree0
- Gene
- APX and GSTe0
- Outcome
- transcription of APX and GSTe0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In response to Cd exposure, transcriptional level of CAT was decreased but, transcription of APX and GST was up-regulated.”
t0“wheat affected by mycorrhizal fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae induced antioxidant gene expression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- F. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- expression of the antioxidant genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although F. mosseae induced the expression of the antioxidant genes, P. indica was not detected to have such a strong induction in the genes expression.”
t0“wheat affected by mycorrhizal fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica had weaker evidence of antioxidant gene induction than F. mosseae.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- induction in the genes expressione0
- Direction
- not detected to have such a strong inductione0
- Comparator
- F. mosseaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although F. mosseae induced the expression of the antioxidant genes, P. indica was not detected to have such a strong induction in the genes expression.”
t0“wheat affected by mycorrhizal fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
mRNA and enzyme changes were uncorrelated in some cases.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- mRNAe0
- Outcome
- no correlatione0
- Qualifier
- in some casese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, no correlation was observed between mRNA and enzyme alterations in some cases, which indicate that post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations may play major roles.”
t0“wheat affected by mycorrhizal fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest both fungi could alleviate wheat cadmium stress in contaminated soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaee0symbiont
- Second interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- alleviate Cd stresse0
- Setting
- contaminated soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results obtained from this study suggest that F. mosseae and P. indica can be used to alleviate Cd stress in wheat plants in contaminated soil.”
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See all 34 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.