Abstract
A 28-day pot (sand culture) experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) application in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in wheat plants. Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd. The results showed that 100 µM Cd concentration decreased plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange attributes, and mineral nutrients in wheat plants. Cadmium stress increased tissue Cd and H2O2 concentrations. The activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), peroxidase (POD) enzymes, increased while the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid (AsA), α-tocopherol, and phenolics decreased under Cd stress. Phosphorus supply increased shoot biomass, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and mineral nutrients and decreased Cd and H2O2 concentrations in shoots. Phosphorus application improved antioxidant enzyme activities and gas exchange attributes which emerged as an important mechanism of Cd tolerance in wheat. We conclude that P application contributes to decreased Cd concentrations in wheat shoots and increased gas exchange attributes and antioxidant enzymes and could be implemented in a general scheme aiming at controlling Cd concentrations in wheat for sustained production of this important grain crop.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cd at 100 µM decreased plant biomass, chlorophyll contents and gas exchange attributes in wheat compared with no Cd.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 100 µM Cde1
- Outcome
- plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange attributese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- withoute2
- Setting
- pot (sand culture)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 28-day pot (sand culture) experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) application in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in wheat plants”
e1“100 µM Cd concentration decreased plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange attributes, and mineral nutrients in wheat plants”
e2“Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd at 100 µM decreased mineral nutrient concentrations in wheat compared with no Cd.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 100 µM Cde1
- Outcome
- mineral nutrientse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- withoute2
- Setting
- pot (sand culture)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 28-day pot (sand culture) experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) application in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in wheat plants”
e1“100 µM Cd concentration decreased plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange attributes, and mineral nutrients in wheat plants”
e2“Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased tissue Cd and H2O2 concentrations in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cadmium stresse3
- Outcome
- tissue Cd and H2O2 concentrationse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- withoute2
- Setting
- pot (sand culture)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 28-day pot (sand culture) experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) application in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in wheat plants”
e2“Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd”
e3“Cadmium stress increased tissue Cd and H2O2 concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse4
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), peroxidase (POD) enzymese4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- withoute2
- Setting
- pot (sand culture)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 28-day pot (sand culture) experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) application in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in wheat plants”
e2“Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd”
e4“The activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), peroxidase (POD) enzymes, increased while the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid (AsA), α-tocopherol, and phenolics decreased under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress decreased the activities of catalase and ascorbic acid in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse4
- Outcome
- activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid (AsA)e4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- withoute2
- Setting
- pot (sand culture)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 28-day pot (sand culture) experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) application in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in wheat plants”
e2“Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd”
e4“The activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), peroxidase (POD) enzymes, increased while the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid (AsA), α-tocopherol, and phenolics decreased under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress decreased α-tocopherol and phenolics in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse4
- Outcome
- α-tocopherol, and phenolicse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- withoute2
- Setting
- pot (sand culture)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 28-day pot (sand culture) experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) application in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in wheat plants”
e2“Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd”
e4“The activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), peroxidase (POD) enzymes, increased while the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbic acid (AsA), α-tocopherol, and phenolics decreased under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus supply increased shoot biomass, leaf area and photosynthetic pigments in wheat compared with the zero-P level.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus supplye5
- Outcome
- shoot biomass, leaf area, photosynthetic pigmentse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- 0e2
- Setting
- pot (sand culture)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 28-day pot (sand culture) experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) application in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in wheat plants”
e2“Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd”
e5“Phosphorus supply increased shoot biomass, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and mineral nutrients and decreased Cd and H2O2 concentrations in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus supply increased mineral nutrients in wheat compared with the zero-P level.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus supplye5
- Outcome
- mineral nutrientse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- 0e2
- Setting
- pot (sand culture)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 28-day pot (sand culture) experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) application in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in wheat plants”
e2“Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd”
e5“Phosphorus supply increased shoot biomass, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and mineral nutrients and decreased Cd and H2O2 concentrations in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus supply decreased Cd and H2O2 concentrations in wheat shoots compared with the zero-P level.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus supplye5
- Outcome
- Cd and H2O2 concentrations in shootse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Comparator
- 0e2
- Setting
- pot (sand culture)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 28-day pot (sand culture) experiment was carried to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) application in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in wheat plants”
e2“Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd”
e5“Phosphorus supply increased shoot biomass, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and mineral nutrients and decreased Cd and H2O2 concentrations in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application improved antioxidant enzyme activities in wheat under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- Phosphorus applicatione6
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- 0e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd”
e6“Phosphorus application improved antioxidant enzyme activities and gas exchange attributes which emerged as an important mechanism of Cd tolerance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application improved gas exchange attributes in wheat under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- Phosphorus applicatione6
- Outcome
- gas exchange attributese6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- 0e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Different levels of P (0, 10, and 20 kg ha−1) were applied without and with 100 µM Cd”
e6“Phosphorus application improved antioxidant enzyme activities and gas exchange attributes which emerged as an important mechanism of Cd tolerance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities and gas exchange attributes are an important mechanism of Cd tolerance in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee6
- Qualifier
- antioxidant enzyme activities and gas exchange attributese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Phosphorus application improved antioxidant enzyme activities and gas exchange attributes which emerged as an important mechanism of Cd tolerance in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application could be implemented to control Cd concentrations in wheat for sustained production.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- P applicatione7
- Outcome
- controlling Cd concentrations in wheate7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“We conclude that P application contributes to decreased Cd concentrations in wheat shoots and increased gas exchange attributes and antioxidant enzymes and could be implemented in a general scheme aiming at controlling Cd concentrations in wheat for sustained production of this important grain crop”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
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3 in the opposite direction
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phosphorus · physiology: gas exchange · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
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See all 6 papers →8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.