Abstract
Soil salinity and phosphorus (P) deficiency both have adverse effects on crop growth and productivity, but the interaction of soil salinity and P deficiency is not well known. Two P-inefficient wheat cultivars, Janz (salinity-tolerant) and Jandaroi (salinity-sensitive), grown in soil in rhizoboxes, were treated with either 100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress), from 10 days after sowing (DAS) until harvest at 40 DAS. Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments. The reduction was greater for low P supply than for salinity alone, but their interaction was not additive. The detrimental effects on root growth became apparent 10 days earlier in Jandaroi compared to Janz. Root length, root number, root length densities, and root number densities were higher in the upper 10 cm soil layer than in the lower layers for both cultivars. This study demonstrated that 10 µM P is more detrimental than 100 mM NaCl for shoot and root growth of both wheat cultivars irrespective of their difference in salinity tolerance.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced leaf area and shoot and root biomass.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- leaf area, shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- 100 µM Pe1
- Setting
- rhizoboxese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments.”
e1“Two P-inefficient wheat cultivars, Janz (salinity-tolerant) and Jandaroi (salinity-sensitive), grown in soil in rhizoboxes, were treated with either 100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus reduced leaf area and shoot and root biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 10 µM Pe1
- Outcome
- leaf area, shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- 100 µM Pe1
- Setting
- rhizoboxese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments.”
e1“Two P-inefficient wheat cultivars, Janz (salinity-tolerant) and Jandaroi (salinity-sensitive), grown in soil in rhizoboxes, were treated with either 100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress reduced leaf area and shoot and root biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- both NaCl and low Pe1
- Outcome
- leaf area, shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- 100 µM Pe1
- Setting
- rhizoboxese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments.”
e1“Two P-inefficient wheat cultivars, Janz (salinity-tolerant) and Jandaroi (salinity-sensitive), grown in soil in rhizoboxes, were treated with either 100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced tissue water, chlorophyll and gas exchange.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchangee0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- 100 µM Pe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments.”
e1“100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus reduced tissue water, chlorophyll and gas exchange.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 10 µM Pe1
- Outcome
- tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchangee0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- 100 µM Pe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments.”
e1“100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress reduced tissue water, chlorophyll and gas exchange.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- both NaCl and low Pe1
- Outcome
- tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchangee0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- 100 µM Pe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments.”
e1“100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced potassium and phosphorus acquisition.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle1
- Outcome
- K+ and P acquisitione0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- 100 µM Pe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments.”
e1“100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus reduced potassium and phosphorus acquisition.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 10 µM Pe1
- Outcome
- K+ and P acquisitione0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- 100 µM Pe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments.”
e1“100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined stress reduced potassium and phosphorus acquisition.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- both NaCl and low Pe1
- Outcome
- K+ and P acquisitione0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Comparator
- 100 µM Pe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reductions in leaf area, shoot and root biomass, tissue water and chlorophyll contents, gas exchange, and K+ and P acquisition at harvest were observed in the three treatments.”
e1“100 µM P (control), 100 mM NaCl (saline stress), 10 µM P (low P stress), or both NaCl and low P (combined stress)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus caused greater reductions than salinity, with a nonadditive interaction.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- low P supplye0
- Outcome
- shoot and root growthe1
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- their interaction was not additivee0
- Comparator
- salinity alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction was greater for low P supply than for salinity alone, but their interaction was not additive.”
e1“10 µM P is more detrimental than 100 mM NaCl for shoot and root growth of both wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth damage appeared 10 days earlier in Jandaroi than Janz.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Jandaroie0
- Outcome
- detrimental effects on root growthe0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- 10 dayse0
- Comparator
- Janze0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The detrimental effects on root growth became apparent 10 days earlier in Jandaroi compared to Janz.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length, number and length density were higher in the upper soil layer in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Root length, root number, root length densitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- upper 10 cm soil layere0
- Comparator
- lower layerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root length, root number, root length densities, and root number densities were higher in the upper 10 cm soil layer than in the lower layers for both cultivars.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Root number density was higher in the upper soil layer in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- root number densitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- upper 10 cm soil layere0
- Comparator
- lower layerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root number densities were higher in the upper 10 cm soil layer than in the lower layers for both cultivars.”
t0“Wheat”
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