Abstract
ABSTRACT The growing use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides can cause potential contamination with heavy metals to soil and groundwater, posing environmental and health threats. Heavy metals can also affect crop yield. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to explore the role of ascorbic acid foliar application and soil-applied super absorbent to mitigate adverse effects of cadmium (Cd), in terms of biochemical parameters in wheat. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme with three levels of super absorbent polymer (0 g kg-1, 4 g kg-1 and 8 g kg-1 of soil) by three levels of ascorbic acid (0 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM), with four replicates. The Cd contamination caused a significant increase in the accumulation of Cd in leaves and seeds, as well as in antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation. It also decreased seed weight and chlorophyll content in wheat plants. The super absorbent increased seed yield (22.68 %), seed weight (19.31 %), chlorophyll (27.97 %) and ascorbic acid content (65.51 %), while it reduced the Cd accumulation in leaves (34.27 %) and seeds (32.97 %), as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (43.77 %). Similar results were found when ascorbic acid was applied. Ascorbic acid increased seed yield, seed weight and chlorophyll content by 12.62 %, 17.66 % and 13.17 %, respectively. As a result, the super absorbent polymer and ascorbic acid could improve the survival capacity and yield of wheat plants in response to Cd contamination in the soil.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium contamination increased accumulation of Cd in leaves.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Cd contaminatione0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Cd in leavese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd contamination caused a significant increase in the accumulation of Cd in leaves and seeds, as well as in antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium contamination increased seeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cd contaminatione0
- Outcome
- seedse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd contamination caused a significant increase in the accumulation of Cd in leaves and seeds, as well as in antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium contamination increased antioxidant enzymes activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cd contaminatione0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd contamination caused a significant increase in the accumulation of Cd in leaves and seeds, as well as in antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium contamination increased lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cd contaminatione0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd contamination caused a significant increase in the accumulation of Cd in leaves and seeds, as well as in antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium contamination decreased seed weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also decreased seed weight and chlorophyll content in wheat plants.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium contamination decreased chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also decreased seed weight and chlorophyll content in wheat plants.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Super absorbent increased seed yield by 22.68 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- super absorbente0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.68 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The super absorbent increased seed yield (22.68 %), seed weight (19.31 %), chlorophyll (27.97 %) and ascorbic acid content (65.51 %), while it reduced the Cd accumulation in leaves (34.27 %) and seeds (32.97 %), as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (43.77 %).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Super absorbent increased seed weight by 19.31 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- super absorbente0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19.31 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The super absorbent increased seed yield (22.68 %), seed weight (19.31 %), chlorophyll (27.97 %) and ascorbic acid content (65.51 %), while it reduced the Cd accumulation in leaves (34.27 %) and seeds (32.97 %), as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (43.77 %).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Super absorbent increased chlorophyll by 27.97 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- super absorbente0
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.97 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The super absorbent increased seed yield (22.68 %), seed weight (19.31 %), chlorophyll (27.97 %) and ascorbic acid content (65.51 %), while it reduced the Cd accumulation in leaves (34.27 %) and seeds (32.97 %), as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (43.77 %).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Super absorbent increased ascorbic acid content by 65.51 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- super absorbente0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 65.51 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The super absorbent increased seed yield (22.68 %), seed weight (19.31 %), chlorophyll (27.97 %) and ascorbic acid content (65.51 %), while it reduced the Cd accumulation in leaves (34.27 %) and seeds (32.97 %), as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (43.77 %).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Super absorbent reduced Cd accumulation in leaves by 34.27 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- super absorbente0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation in leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 34.27 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The super absorbent increased seed yield (22.68 %), seed weight (19.31 %), chlorophyll (27.97 %) and ascorbic acid content (65.51 %), while it reduced the Cd accumulation in leaves (34.27 %) and seeds (32.97 %), as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (43.77 %).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Super absorbent reduced seeds by 32.97 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- super absorbente0
- Outcome
- seedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 32.97 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The super absorbent increased seed yield (22.68 %), seed weight (19.31 %), chlorophyll (27.97 %) and ascorbic acid content (65.51 %), while it reduced the Cd accumulation in leaves (34.27 %) and seeds (32.97 %), as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (43.77 %).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Super absorbent reduced antioxidant enzymes activity by 43.77 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- super absorbente0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 43.77 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The super absorbent increased seed yield (22.68 %), seed weight (19.31 %), chlorophyll (27.97 %) and ascorbic acid content (65.51 %), while it reduced the Cd accumulation in leaves (34.27 %) and seeds (32.97 %), as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (43.77 %).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Super absorbent reduced lipid peroxidation by 43.77 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- super absorbente0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 43.77 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The super absorbent increased seed yield (22.68 %), seed weight (19.31 %), chlorophyll (27.97 %) and ascorbic acid content (65.51 %), while it reduced the Cd accumulation in leaves (34.27 %) and seeds (32.97 %), as well as antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation (43.77 %).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid increased seed yield by 12.62 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.62 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbic acid increased seed yield, seed weight and chlorophyll content by 12.62 %, 17.66 % and 13.17 %, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid increased seed weight by 17.66 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.66 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbic acid increased seed yield, seed weight and chlorophyll content by 12.62 %, 17.66 % and 13.17 %, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid increased chlorophyll content by 13.17 %.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ascorbic acide0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.17 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbic acid increased seed yield, seed weight and chlorophyll content by 12.62 %, 17.66 % and 13.17 %, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.