Abstract
SUMMARY Crops often experience combined soil stresses. Root responses to soil penetration resistance (PR) and drought stress can be an important basis for crop management. In 2013/14, a 2-year experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage treatment and drought stress (no irrigation for 4, 12 and 20 days during the V10–V16 growth stage) on the root length, diameter, cortex and cortical cell, and grain yield of maize ( Zea mays L.) in a clayey red soil in southern China. Total root length and average root diameter were significantly correlated with soil PR and moisture. The cortical cell file number increased with soil PR and drought stress, while cortical cell size increased only with soil PR. Soil PR and moisture played different roles in maize root morphology modifications, but were both affected by tillage practices. Deep ploughing and conventional tillage increased soil moisture under severe drought stress conditions, whereas soil compaction and no-till significantly increased soil PR. The results indicate that high PR in clayey red soil was responsible for a decrease in maize root size and grain yield under drought conditions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Total root length and average root diameter of maize were significantly correlated with soil penetration resistance and moisture.
- Treatment
- soil PR and moisturee1
- Outcome
- Total root length and average root diametere1
- Direction
- significantly correlatede1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize root morphology”
e1“Total root length and average root diameter were significantly correlated with soil PR and moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Cortical cell file number in maize roots increased with soil penetration resistance and drought stress.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize root morphology”
e2“The cortical cell file number increased with soil PR and drought stress, while cortical cell size increased only with soil PR”
Claim · model-written summary
Cortical cell size in maize roots increased with soil penetration resistance only.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize root morphology”
e2“The cortical cell file number increased with soil PR and drought stress, while cortical cell size increased only with soil PR”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep ploughing and conventional tillage increased soil moisture under severe drought.
- Treatment
- Deep ploughing and conventional tillagee3
- Outcome
- soil moisturee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- under severe drought stress conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize root morphology”
e3“Deep ploughing and conventional tillage increased soil moisture under severe drought stress conditions, whereas soil compaction and no-till significantly increased soil PR”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil compaction and no-till significantly increased soil penetration resistance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize root morphology”
e3“Deep ploughing and conventional tillage increased soil moisture under severe drought stress conditions, whereas soil compaction and no-till significantly increased soil PR”
Claim · model-written summary
High soil penetration resistance is interpreted as responsible for decreased maize root size and grain yield under drought.
- Treatment
- high PRe4
- Outcome
- a decrease in maize root size and grain yielde4
- Qualifier
- under drought conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize root morphology”
e4“The results indicate that high PR in clayey red soil was responsible for a decrease in maize root size and grain yield under drought conditions”
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