Abstract
Understanding the differences in yield traits of rice among pothole seedling of mechanical transplanting (PSMT), carpet seedling of mechanical transplanting (CSMT) and mechanical direct seeding (MDS) is of great importance not only for rice scientists but also for rice farmers to develop a high-yield production system under mechanical conditions in a rice-wheat rotation system. However, such traits are yet to be studied among rice varieties of japonica-indica hybrid rice (JIHR), japonica conventional rice (JCR) and indica hybrid rice (IHR). Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015, where six cultivars of the three rice types JIHR, JCR and IHR were grown individually with PSMT, CSMT and MDS methods, under respective managements for each method to achieve the maximum attainable yield. Results showed that (i) the PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JIHR by 22.0 and 7.1%, of JCR by 15.6 and 3.7% and of IHR by 22.5 and 7.4%, compared to MDS and CSMT on average across the two years, respectively. The highest yield was produced by the combination of JIHR and PSMT; (ii) high yield under PSMT was mainly attributed to large sink capacity and high-efficient dry matter accumulation. With sufficient panicles per hectare, the increase of spikelet number per panicle, especially the increase in spikelet number of the secondary rachis-branches was determined to be the optimal approach for developing a large sink capacity for rice under PSMT. The optimal tillers development, large leaf area index at heading stage, and high leaf area duration, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate during grain-filling phase could be the cause of sufficient dry matter accumulation for rice under PSMT; (iii) moreover, the PSMT favored plant growth as well as enriched the stems plus sheaths during grain-filling phase, as compared with CSMT and MDS. These results suggest that PSMT may be an alternative approach to increasing grain yield in a rice-wheat rotation system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JIHR by 22.0% compared with MDS
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Material
- JIHRe0
- Treatment
- PSMTe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.0e0
- Comparator
- MDSe1
- Setting
- Field experimentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JIHR by 22.0 and 7.1%, of JCR by 15.6 and 3.7% and of IHR by 22.5 and 7.4%”
e1“compared to MDS and CSMT on average across the two years, respectively”
e2“differences in yield traits of rice”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JIHR by 7.1% compared with CSMT
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Material
- JIHRe0
- Treatment
- PSMTe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.1e0
- Comparator
- CSMTe1
- Setting
- Field experimentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JIHR by 22.0 and 7.1%, of JCR by 15.6 and 3.7% and of IHR by 22.5 and 7.4%”
e1“compared to MDS and CSMT on average across the two years, respectively”
e2“differences in yield traits of rice”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JCR by 15.6% compared with MDS
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Material
- JCRe0
- Treatment
- PSMTe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.6e0
- Comparator
- MDSe1
- Setting
- Field experimentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JIHR by 22.0 and 7.1%, of JCR by 15.6 and 3.7% and of IHR by 22.5 and 7.4%”
e1“compared to MDS and CSMT on average across the two years, respectively”
e2“differences in yield traits of rice”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JCR by 3.7% compared with CSMT
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Material
- JCRe0
- Treatment
- PSMTe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.7e0
- Comparator
- CSMTe1
- Setting
- Field experimentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JIHR by 22.0 and 7.1%, of JCR by 15.6 and 3.7% and of IHR by 22.5 and 7.4%”
e1“compared to MDS and CSMT on average across the two years, respectively”
e2“differences in yield traits of rice”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
PSMT significantly increased grain yield of IHR by 22.5% compared with MDS
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Material
- IHRe0
- Treatment
- PSMTe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.5e0
- Comparator
- MDSe1
- Setting
- Field experimentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JIHR by 22.0 and 7.1%, of JCR by 15.6 and 3.7% and of IHR by 22.5 and 7.4%”
e1“compared to MDS and CSMT on average across the two years, respectively”
e2“differences in yield traits of rice”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
PSMT significantly increased grain yield of IHR by 7.4% compared with CSMT
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Material
- IHRe0
- Treatment
- PSMTe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.4e0
- Comparator
- CSMTe1
- Setting
- Field experimentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PSMT significantly increased grain yield of JIHR by 22.0 and 7.1%, of JCR by 15.6 and 3.7% and of IHR by 22.5 and 7.4%”
e1“compared to MDS and CSMT on average across the two years, respectively”
e2“differences in yield traits of rice”
e3“Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest yield was produced by the combination of JIHR and PSMT in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Material
- JIHRe4
- Treatment
- PSMTe4
- Outcome
- highest yielde4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“differences in yield traits of rice”
e4“The highest yield was produced by the combination of JIHR and PSMT”
Claim · model-written summary
High rice yield under PSMT was mainly attributed to large sink capacity and high-efficient dry matter accumulation
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- PSMTe5
- Outcome
- high yielde5
- Qualifier
- large sink capacity and high-efficient dry matter accumulatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“differences in yield traits of rice”
e5“high yield under PSMT was mainly attributed to large sink capacity and high-efficient dry matter accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing spikelet number per panicle, especially on secondary rachis-branches, was determined to be the optimal approach for developing a large sink capacity for rice under PSMT
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Outcome
- developing a large sink capacitye6
- Qualifier
- increase of spikelet number per paniclee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“differences in yield traits of rice”
e6“the increase of spikelet number per panicle, especially the increase in spikelet number of the secondary rachis-branches was determined to be the optimal approach for developing a large sink capacity for rice under PSMT”
Claim · model-written summary
PSMT favored rice plant growth compared with CSMT and MDS
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- PSMTe4
- Outcome
- plant growthe4
- Direction
- favorede4
- Comparator
- CSMT and MDSe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“differences in yield traits of rice”
e4“the PSMT favored plant growth as well as enriched the stems plus sheaths during grain-filling phase, as compared with CSMT and MDS”
Claim · model-written summary
PSMT enriched the stems plus sheaths of rice during grain filling compared with CSMT and MDS
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Organ / stage
- grain-filling phasee4
- Treatment
- PSMTe4
- Outcome
- stems plus sheathse4
- Direction
- enrichede4
- Comparator
- CSMT and MDSe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“differences in yield traits of rice”
e4“the PSMT favored plant growth as well as enriched the stems plus sheaths during grain-filling phase, as compared with CSMT and MDS”
Claim · model-written summary
PSMT may be an alternative approach to increasing grain yield in a rice-wheat rotation system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- PSMTe5
- Outcome
- increasing grain yielde5
- Setting
- lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Chinae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“PSMT may be an alternative approach to increasing grain yield in a rice-wheat rotation system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China”
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See all 1,078 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.