Abstract
The comparative efficacy of organic sources on cropping behavior, nutrient dynamics, physico-chemical and biological properties of soil and fruit quality under rain-fed agroecosystem on “Silver King” nectarines was investigated. Bio-organic nutrients, namely vermi-compost (VC), biofertilizer (BF), farmyard manure (FYM), compost (comp), vermiwash (VW) and cow urine (CU) were evaluated in 11 different treatment combinations. The treatment application of VC at 25 kg tree−1, BF at 40 g tree−1, FYM at 30 kg tree−1, comp at 15 kg tree−1, VW1:10 and CU1:10 significantly improved plant growth and fruit quality characteristics of nectarine trees. This superior combination also enhanced physico-chemical and biological properties of the rhizosphere soil when compared to control as conventional chemical fertilizer application nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers. Different treatments of bio-organic sources changed pH of the soil to neutral. Available macronutrient contents of soil (viz. N, P, and K) increased by 57.8%, 27.7%, and 16.4%, respectively. Microbial biomass of soil fungi, total bacteria, actinobacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved 66.0%, 73.8%, 133.3% and 350.0%, respectively, over control. Considerably, a higher amount of leaf macronutrients, N (3.53%), P (0.23%), and K (3.2%), was also recorded over control.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The stated combined organic treatment significantly improved nectarine growth.
- Taxon
- nectarine trees
Prunus persica var. nucipersicae0 - Treatment
- VC at 25 kg tree−1, BF at 40 g tree−1, FYM at 30 kg tree−1, comp at 15 kg tree−1, VW1:10 and CU1:10e0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment application of VC at 25 kg tree−1, BF at 40 g tree−1, FYM at 30 kg tree−1, comp at 15 kg tree−1, VW1:10 and CU1:10 significantly improved plant growth and fruit quality characteristics of nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined organic treatment significantly improved nectarine fruit quality.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae0
- Treatment
- VC at 25 kg tree−1, BF at 40 g tree−1, FYM at 30 kg tree−1, comp at 15 kg tree−1, VW1:10 and CU1:10e0
- Outcome
- fruit quality characteristicse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment application of VC at 25 kg tree−1, BF at 40 g tree−1, FYM at 30 kg tree−1, comp at 15 kg tree−1, VW1:10 and CU1:10 significantly improved plant growth and fruit quality characteristics of nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The superior combination improved rhizosphere soil physicochemical and biological properties relative to chemical NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Treatment
- This superior combinatione0
- Outcome
- physico-chemical and biological properties of the rhizosphere soile0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- conventional chemical fertilizer application nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This superior combination also enhanced physico-chemical and biological properties of the rhizosphere soil when compared to control as conventional chemical fertilizer application nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers”
e1“nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-organic treatments changed soil pH to neutral.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Treatment
- Different treatments of bio-organic sourcese0
- Outcome
- pH of the soil to neutrale0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Different treatments of bio-organic sources changed pH of the soil to neutral”
e1“nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Available soil nitrogen increased by 57.8%.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- Available macronutrient contents of soil (viz. Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 57.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Available macronutrient contents of soil (viz. N, P, and K) increased by 57.8%, 27.7%, and 16.4%, respectively”
e1“nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Available soil phosphorus increased by 27.7%.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Available macronutrient contents of soil (viz. N, P, and K) increased by 57.8%, 27.7%, and 16.4%, respectively”
e1“nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Available soil potassium increased by 16.4%.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Available macronutrient contents of soil (viz. N, P, and K) increased by 57.8%, 27.7%, and 16.4%, respectively”
e1“nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fungal microbial biomass improved 66.0% over control.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- Microbial biomass of soil fungie0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 66.0%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial biomass of soil fungi, total bacteria, actinobacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved 66.0%, 73.8%, 133.3% and 350.0%, respectively, over control”
e1“nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soil bacterial microbial biomass improved 73.8% over control.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- total bacteriae0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 73.8%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial biomass of soil fungi, total bacteria, actinobacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved 66.0%, 73.8%, 133.3% and 350.0%, respectively, over control”
e1“nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil actinobacterial biomass improved 133.3% over control.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- actinobacteriae0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 133.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial biomass of soil fungi, total bacteria, actinobacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved 66.0%, 73.8%, 133.3% and 350.0%, respectively, over control”
e1“nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biomass improved 350.0% over control.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0symbiont
- Outcome
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 350.0%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial biomass of soil fungi, total bacteria, actinobacteria, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved 66.0%, 73.8%, 133.3% and 350.0%, respectively, over control”
e1“nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf nitrogen content reached 3.53%, higher than control.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- leaf macronutrients, Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.53%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher amount of leaf macronutrients, N (3.53%), P (0.23%), and K (3.2%), was also recorded over control”
e1“nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf phosphorus content reached 0.23%, higher than control.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.23%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher amount of leaf macronutrients, N (3.53%), P (0.23%), and K (3.2%), was also recorded over control”
e1“nectarine trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf potassium content reached 3.2%, higher than control.
- Taxon
- nectarine treesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae1
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.2%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a higher amount of leaf macronutrients, N (3.53%), P (0.23%), and K (3.2%), was also recorded over control”
e1“nectarine trees”
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