Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect gene expression through a wide range of mechanisms and are considered as important regulators in many essential biological processes. A large number of lncRNA transcripts have been predicted or identified in plants in recent years. However, the biological functions for most of them are still unknown. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lncRNA, DROUGHT INDUCED lncRNA (DRIR), as a novel positive regulator of the plant response to drought and salt stress. DRIR was expressed at a low level under nonstress conditions but can be significantly activated by drought and salt stress as well as by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. We identified a T-DNA insertion mutant, drirD, which had higher expression of the DRIR gene than the wild-type plants. The drirD mutant exhibits increased tolerance to drought and salt stress. Overexpressing DRIR in Arabidopsis also increased tolerance to drought and salt stress of the transgenic plants. The drirD mutant and the overexpressing seedlings are more sensitive to ABA than the wild type in stomata closure and seedling growth. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression of a large number of genes was altered in drirD and the overexpressing plants. These include genes involved in ABA signaling, water transport, and other stress-relief processes. Our study reveals a mechanism whereby DRIR regulates the plant response to abiotic stress by modulating the expression of a series of genes involved in the stress response.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
DRIR was identified as a positive regulator of the Arabidopsis drought and salt response.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- DRIRe0
- Outcome
- positive regulator of the plant response to drought and salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lncRNA, DROUGHT INDUCED lncRNA (DRIR), as a novel positive regulator of the plant response to drought and salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly activated DRIR expression from a low nonstress baseline.
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Gene
- DRIRe0
- Outcome
- DRIR was expressede0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Comparator
- nonstress conditionse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“DRIR was expressed at a low level under nonstress conditions but can be significantly activated by drought and salt stress as well as by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly activated DRIR expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Gene
- DRIRe0
- Outcome
- DRIR was expressede0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Comparator
- nonstress conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DRIR was expressed at a low level under nonstress conditions but can be significantly activated by drought and salt stress as well as by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment.”
e1“we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lncRNA, DROUGHT INDUCED lncRNA (DRIR)”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment significantly activated DRIR expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- abscisic acid (ABA) treatmente0
- Gene
- DRIRe0
- Outcome
- DRIR was expressede0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Comparator
- nonstress conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DRIR was expressed at a low level under nonstress conditions but can be significantly activated by drought and salt stress as well as by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment.”
e1“we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lncRNA, DROUGHT INDUCED lncRNA (DRIR)”
Claim · model-written summary
The drirD insertion mutant had higher DRIR expression than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- drirDe0
- Gene
- DRIRe0
- Outcome
- expression of the DRIR genee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a T-DNA insertion mutant, drirD, which had higher expression of the DRIR gene than the wild-type plants.”
e1“we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lncRNA”
Claim · model-written summary
The drirD mutant had increased drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- drirDe0
- Outcome
- tolerance to droughte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The drirD mutant exhibits increased tolerance to drought and salt stress.”
e1“we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lncRNA”
Claim · model-written summary
The drirD mutant had increased salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- drirDe0
- Outcome
- tolerance to drought and salt stresse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The drirD mutant exhibits increased tolerance to drought and salt stress.”
e1“we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lncRNA”
Claim · model-written summary
DRIR overexpression increased drought and salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Overexpressing DRIRe0
- Gene
- DRIRe0
- Outcome
- tolerance to drought and salt stresse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpressing DRIR in Arabidopsis also increased tolerance to drought and salt stress of the transgenic plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
drirD and overexpressing seedlings were more sensitive to ABA in stomatal closure and growth than wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- drirDe0
- Outcome
- stomata closure and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The drirD mutant and the overexpressing seedlings are more sensitive to ABA than the wild type in stomata closure and seedling growth.”
e1“we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lncRNA”
Claim · model-written summary
Many genes, including stress response genes, changed expression in drirD and overexpressing plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- drirDe0
- Outcome
- expression of a large number of genese0
- Direction
- alterede0
- Qualifier
- genes involved in ABA signaling, water transport, and other stress-relief processese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of a large number of genes was altered in drirD and the overexpressing plants. These include genes involved in ABA signaling, water transport, and other stress-relief processes.”
e1“we identified an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lncRNA”
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