Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food and rotation crop in many parts of the world. Cold (freezing and chilling temperatures) and Ascochyta blight (Didymella rabiei) are the major constraints in chickpea production. The effects of temperature stress on chickpea susceptibility and pathogen aggressiveness are not well documented in Cicer-Didymella pathosystem. Two experiments were conducted under controlled conditions using chickpea genotypes and pathogen isolates in 2011 and 2012. In Experiment 1, four isolates of D. rabiei (AR-01, AR-02, AR-03 and AR-04), six chickpea genotypes (Ghab-1, Ghab-2, Ghab-3, Ghab-4, Ghab-5 and ICC-12004) and four temperature regimes (10, 15, 20 and 250C) were studied using 10 day-old seedlings. In Experiment 2, three chickpea genotypes (Ghab-1, Ghab-2 and ICC-12004) were exposed to 5 and 10 days of chilling temperature exposure at 50C and non-exposed seedlings were used as controls. Seedlings of the three chickpea genotypes were inoculated with the four pathogen isolates used in Experiment 1. Three disease parameters (incubation period, latent period and disease severity) were measured to evaluate treatment effects. In Experiment 1, highly significant interactions between genotypes and isolates; genotypes and temperature; and isolate and temperature were observed for incubation and latent periods. Genotype x isolate and temperature x isolate interactions also significantly affected disease severity. The resistant genotype ICC-12004 showed long incubation and latent periods and low disease severity at all temperatures. The highly aggressive isolate AR-04 caused symptoms, produced pycnidia in short duration as well as high disease severity across temperature regimes, which indicated it is adapted to a wide range of temperatures. Short incubation and latent periods and high disease severity were observed on genotypes exposed to chilling temperature. Our findings showed that the significant interactions of genotypes and isolates with temperature did not cause changes in the rank orders of the resistance of chickpea genotypes and aggressiveness of pathogen isolates. Moreover, chilling temperature predisposed chickpea genotypes to D. rabiei infection; developing multiple stress resistance is thus a pre-requisite for the expansion of winter-sown chickpea in West Asia and North Africa.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype-by-isolate interaction significantly affected incubation and latent periods.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“highly significant interactions between genotypes and isolates; genotypes and temperature; and isolate and temperature were observed for incubation and latent periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype-by-temperature interaction significantly affected incubation and latent periods.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“genotypes and temperature; and isolate and temperature were observed for incubation and latent periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate-by-temperature interaction significantly affected incubation and latent periods.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“isolate and temperature were observed for incubation and latent periods”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype-by-isolate interaction significantly affected disease severity.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Genotype x isolate and temperature x isolate interactions also significantly affected disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature-by-isolate interaction significantly affected disease severity.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“temperature x isolate interactions also significantly affected disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
ICC-12004 had long incubation and latent periods and low disease severity at all temperatures.
- Material
- ICC-12004e0
- Outcome
- long incubation and latent periods and low disease severitye0
- Qualifier
- at all temperaturese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The resistant genotype ICC-12004 showed long incubation and latent periods and low disease severity at all temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
AR-04 caused symptoms, early pycnidia, and high disease severity across temperatures.
- Interactor
- AR-04e0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms, produced pycnidia in short duration as well as high disease severitye0
- Qualifier
- across temperature regimese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The highly aggressive isolate AR-04 caused symptoms, produced pycnidia in short duration as well as high disease severity across temperature regimes”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling shortened incubation and latent periods and raised disease severity.
- Treatment
- chilling temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Short incubation and latent periods and high disease severitye0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Short incubation and latent periods and high disease severity were observed on genotypes exposed to chilling temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature interactions did not change resistance or aggressiveness rank orders.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Interactor
- pathogen isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- rank orders of the resistance of chickpea genotypes and aggressiveness of pathogen isolatese0
- Direction
- did not cause changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the significant interactions of genotypes and isolates with temperature did not cause changes in the rank orders of the resistance of chickpea genotypes and aggressiveness of pathogen isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling predisposed chickpea genotypes to D. rabiei infection.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- chilling temperaturee0
- Interactor
- D. rabiei
.jpg?width=60)
Ascochyta rabieie0pathogen - Outcome
- D. rabiei infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“chilling temperature predisposed chickpea genotypes to D. rabiei infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend multiple stress resistance for winter-sown chickpea expansion.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- developing multiple stress resistancee0
- Setting
- West Asia and North Africae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developing multiple stress resistance is thus a pre-requisite for the expansion of winter-sown chickpea in West Asia and North Africa”
The same questions in other papers
cold · disease · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.