Abstract
Low temperature (LT) and Ascochyta blight are two major stresses in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) cultivation. After exposure to LT treatments (acclimation, LT, acclimation + LT and control conditions), we evaluated induced responses by pathogen infection in LT-sensitive (ILC533) and -tolerant (Sel96Th11439) chickpea genotypes. In relation to genotype-specific defense reactions, tolerant plants responded more effective to the infection compared to sensitive plants, particularly after an acclimation treatment. LT treatments, and in particular an acclimation treatment, induced a significant decrease in disease symptoms 7 and 14 days after inoculation. Histopathological studies showed more infection throughout the cells of the sensitive genotype under control conditions. The minimal spread of the pathogen was observed in the tolerant genotype after acclimation treatment, and the infected plants did not contain pycnidia or hyphae of the pathogen. The electrolyte leakage index (ELI) and amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) after LT treatments were less than the values compared to post pathogen infection, indicating a difference in the degree of oxidative stress. Lower levels of pathogen-induced oxidative stress (ELI and MDA) and better photosynthetic efficiency (measured as F v / F m values) show that the tolerant genotype exposed to LT treatments acclimate better to the stress conditions compared to the sensitive genotype. Higher transcript levels for the superoxide dismutase , catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were detected during pathogen infection, particularly during the acclimation treatment, which might confirm lower oxidative stress in tolerant plants compared to sensitive plants. It is concluded that LT increased the capacity for tolerance to Ascochyta blight in chickpea plants and this was correlated with the stimulation of mechanisms involved in defense responses.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The tolerant genotype responded more effectively to infection, especially after acclimation.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- acclimation treatmente0
- Outcome
- responded more effective to the infectione0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- sensitive plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tolerant plants responded more effective to the infection compared to sensitive plants, particularly after an acclimation treatment”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature treatments significantly decreased disease symptoms at 7 and 14 days.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- LT treatmentse0
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- 7 and 14 days after inoculatione0
- Comparator
- control conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LT treatments, and in particular an acclimation treatment, induced a significant decrease in disease symptoms 7 and 14 days after inoculation”
t0“chickpea”
e1“under control conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under control conditions infection spread further through sensitive genotype cells.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- sensitive genotypee0
- Treatment
- control conditionse0
- Outcome
- infection throughout the cellse0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more infection throughout the cells of the sensitive genotype under control conditions”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen spread was minimal in the tolerant genotype after acclimation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- tolerant genotypee0
- Treatment
- acclimation treatmente0
- Outcome
- spread of the pathogene0
- Direction
- minimale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimal spread of the pathogen was observed in the tolerant genotype after acclimation treatment”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected acclimated tolerant plants lacked pathogen pycnidia and hyphae.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- did not contain pycnidia or hyphae of the pathogene0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infected plants did not contain pycnidia or hyphae of the pathogen”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
ELI and MDA were lower after low temperature treatment than after pathogen infection.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage index (ELI) and amount of malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Comparator
- post pathogen infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“electrolyte leakage index (ELI) and amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) after LT treatments were less than the values compared to post pathogen infection”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The tolerant genotype showed lower pathogen-induced oxidative stress than the sensitive genotype.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- pathogen-induced oxidative stress (ELI and MDA)e0
- Direction
- Lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower levels of pathogen-induced oxidative stress (ELI and MDA)”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The tolerant genotype had better photosynthetic efficiency under low temperature treatment.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“better photosynthetic efficiency (measured as F v / F m values)”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense enzyme transcripts were higher during infection, especially after acclimation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase , catalase and ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- transcript levelse0
- Direction
- Highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher transcript levels for the superoxide dismutase , catalase and ascorbate peroxidase were detected during pathogen infection, particularly during the acclimation treatment”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that low temperature increased tolerance to Ascochyta blight.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- LTe0
- Outcome
- capacity for tolerance to Ascochyta blighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LT increased the capacity for tolerance to Ascochyta blight in chickpea plants”
The same questions in other papers
cold · disease · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.