Abstract
Two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) lines (AKN 87 and AKN 290) that have different chilling susceptibilities were exposed to 2 chilling temperatures (4 and 2 °C), either cold-acclimated (10 °C) or nonacclimated (25 °C), in order to understand and compare physiological and biochemical changes at the vegetative stage. Chilling temperatures resulted in reduced growth parameters, particularly in cold-acclimated lines, whereas nonacclimated plants exhibited the lowest water contents. Cold acclimation treatment led to protective changes of increased flavonoid, proline, and antioxidant enzyme activities, mostly superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), in the lines. However, the 10 °C treatment did not significantly influence photosystem II (PSII) activity in chickpea plants. In chilling treatments, cold-acclimated plants exhibited better tolerance; of the 2 lines, AKN 87 had the higher PSII photochemical activity. The chlorophyll contents of lines decreased, while the anthocyanin and flavonoid contents of lines increased at decreasing temperatures. MDA and proline accumulation increased with the severity of the chilling stress. In conclusion, when the plants were exposed to cold acclimation, chilling induced the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly SOD and APX. The results demonstrated that cold acclimation reduced the deteriorative effects of chilling and provided better tolerance, specifically in AKN 87. The line AKN 87 has greater potential for cultivation as a chilling-tolerant cultivar.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling temperatures reduced growth parameters, particularly in cold-acclimated chickpea lines.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- Chilling temperaturese0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- particularly in cold-acclimated linese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chilling temperatures resulted in reduced growth parameters, particularly in cold-acclimated lines”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonacclimated chickpea plants had the lowest water contents.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Outcome
- water contentse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- nonacclimated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nonacclimated plants exhibited the lowest water contents”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold acclimation increased flavonoid and proline levels and antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Cold acclimation treatmente0
- Outcome
- flavonoid, proline, and antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold acclimation treatment led to protective changes of increased flavonoid, proline, and antioxidant enzyme activities”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10 °C acclimation treatment did not significantly influence photosystem II activity.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- 10 °C treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosystem II (PSII) activitye0
- Direction
- did not significantly influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 10 °C treatment did not significantly influence photosystem II (PSII) activity in chickpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold-acclimated chickpea plants tolerated chilling better.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- cold-acclimatede0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In chilling treatments, cold-acclimated plants exhibited better tolerance”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AKN 87 had higher photosystem II photochemical activity than AKN 290.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume2
- Material
- AKN 87e0
- Outcome
- PSII photochemical activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- AKN 290e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AKN 87 had the higher PSII photochemical activity”
e1“AKN 290”
e2“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content decreased as chilling temperature decreased.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- decreasing temperaturese0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chlorophyll contents of lines decreased, while the anthocyanin and flavonoid contents of lines increased at decreasing temperatures”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin and flavonoid contents increased as chilling temperature decreased.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- decreasing temperaturese0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin and flavonoid contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the anthocyanin and flavonoid contents of lines increased at decreasing temperatures”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA and proline accumulation increased as chilling stress became more severe.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- chilling stresse0
- Outcome
- MDA and proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDA and proline accumulation increased with the severity of the chilling stress”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify AKN 87 as having greater potential for cultivation as a chilling-tolerant cultivar.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Material
- AKN 87e0
- Outcome
- greater potential for cultivation as a chilling-tolerant cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The line AKN 87 has greater potential for cultivation as a chilling-tolerant cultivar”
e1“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
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8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
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8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.