Abstract
In recent years, yield instability of spring maize becomes increasingly pronounced under the traditional cropping system. In 2014 and 2015, short-term effects of tillage (plow-till, rotary-till and no-till) and residue (removal and incorporation) on soil properties, maize growth and yield were investigated in a brown soil region. Our results indicated that short-term reduced tillage (rotary-till and no-till) and residue incorporation promoted soil properties and maize growth. Compared with plow-till, rotary-till and no-till decreased soil bulk density and compaction below the plough layer (~30 cm). The soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen and C:N of surface soil layers increased under the rotary-till (0-20 cm) and no-till (0-10 cm), which were higher in 0-30 cm soil layers for residue incorporation. For both years, root characteristics of root diameter (RAD) and root surface area density (RSD), biomass indexes of root biomass (RB), shoot biomass (SB) and root-shoot ratio (R:S) were increased under these short-term treatments. Although there were positive relationships between soil water content (SWC), C:N, RAD, RSD, RB, SB, R:S and yield, structural equation modeling showed maize yield was directly controlled by R:S. These findings will have important implications for improving the current cropping system (i.e., plow-till with residue removed) in this area.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary-till and no-till decreased soil bulk density and compaction below the plough layer compared with plow-till in maize.
- Treatment
- rotary-till and no-tille2
- Outcome
- soil bulk density and compaction below the plough layere2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- plow-tille2
- Setting
- brown soil regione0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2014 and 2015, short-term effects of tillage (plow-till, rotary-till and no-till) and residue (removal and incorporation) on soil properties, maize growth and yield were investigated in a brown soil region”
e2“Compared with plow-till, rotary-till and no-till decreased soil bulk density and compaction below the plough layer (~30 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rotary-till and no-till increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and C:N of surface soil layers in maize fields.
- Organ / stage
- surface soil layerse3
- Treatment
- rotary-till (0-20 cm) and no-till (0-10 cm)e3
- Outcome
- soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen and C:Ne3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- 0-20 cme3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2014 and 2015, short-term effects of tillage (plow-till, rotary-till and no-till) and residue (removal and incorporation) on soil properties, maize growth and yield were investigated in a brown soil region”
e3“The soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen and C:N of surface soil layers increased under the rotary-till (0-20 cm) and no-till (0-10 cm), which were higher in 0-30 cm soil layers for residue incorporation”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue incorporation increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and C:N in the 0-30 cm soil layers of maize fields.
- Organ / stage
- 0-30 cm soil layerse3
- Treatment
- residue incorporatione3
- Outcome
- soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen and C:Ne3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2014 and 2015, short-term effects of tillage (plow-till, rotary-till and no-till) and residue (removal and incorporation) on soil properties, maize growth and yield were investigated in a brown soil region”
e3“The soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen and C:N of surface soil layers increased under the rotary-till (0-20 cm) and no-till (0-10 cm), which were higher in 0-30 cm soil layers for residue incorporation”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term reduced tillage and residue incorporation increased root diameter and root surface area density in maize.
- Organ / stage
- roote4
- Treatment
- short-term reduced tillage (rotary-till and no-till) and residue incorporatione1
- Outcome
- root diameter (RAD) and root surface area density (RSD)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our results indicated that short-term reduced tillage (rotary-till and no-till) and residue incorporation promoted soil properties and maize growth”
e4“For both years, root characteristics of root diameter (RAD) and root surface area density (RSD), biomass indexes of root biomass (RB), shoot biomass (SB) and root-shoot ratio (R:S) were increased under these short-term treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-term reduced tillage and residue incorporation increased root biomass, shoot biomass and root-shoot ratio in maize.
- Organ / stage
- roote4
- Treatment
- short-term reduced tillage (rotary-till and no-till) and residue incorporatione1
- Outcome
- root biomass (RB), shoot biomass (SB) and root-shoot ratio (R:S)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Our results indicated that short-term reduced tillage (rotary-till and no-till) and residue incorporation promoted soil properties and maize growth”
e4“For both years, root characteristics of root diameter (RAD) and root surface area density (RSD), biomass indexes of root biomass (RB), shoot biomass (SB) and root-shoot ratio (R:S) were increased under these short-term treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Structural equation modeling indicates maize yield is directly controlled by root-shoot ratio.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Although there were positive relationships between soil water content (SWC), C:N, RAD, RSD, RB, SB, R:S and yield, structural equation modeling showed maize yield was directly controlled by R:S”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water content and C:N were positively related to maize yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Although there were positive relationships between soil water content (SWC), C:N, RAD, RSD, RB, SB, R:S and yield, structural equation modeling showed maize yield was directly controlled by R:S”
Claim · model-written summary
Root diameter, root surface area density and root biomass were positively related to maize yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“For both years, root characteristics of root diameter (RAD) and root surface area density (RSD), biomass indexes of root biomass (RB), shoot biomass (SB) and root-shoot ratio (R:S) were increased under these short-term treatments”
e5“Although there were positive relationships between soil water content (SWC), C:N, RAD, RSD, RB, SB, R:S and yield, structural equation modeling showed maize yield was directly controlled by R:S”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass and root-shoot ratio were positively related to maize yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“For both years, root characteristics of root diameter (RAD) and root surface area density (RSD), biomass indexes of root biomass (RB), shoot biomass (SB) and root-shoot ratio (R:S) were increased under these short-term treatments”
e5“Although there were positive relationships between soil water content (SWC), C:N, RAD, RSD, RB, SB, R:S and yield, structural equation modeling showed maize yield was directly controlled by R:S”
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