Abstract
In a trial to solve one of the most important problems faced the production of Gladiolus plant in Egypt, i. e. the deterioration of corms production year after year. Therefore, they are annually imported from Netherlands. But in view of the rising prices of corms in recent years, studying the factors that may help to produce the corms locally is very necessary. So, the experimental trial was performed during two successive seasons (2011/2012 and 2012/2013) at the nursery of Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, Egypt. It intended to investigate the independent as well as the combined effects of different growing media (sand, sand/compost (1:1 v/v); sand/sewage sludge (3:1 v/v) and organic fertilization (actosol) and biostimulants (garlic and yeast extracts) on the production of Gladiolus corms from cormlets (cv. Novalux) locally. The results indicated that sand/compost (1:1 v/v) medium proved its mastery for increasing corms yield (No. of corms/experimental unit), corm fresh and dry weights, corm circumference, root length of the new formed corms, cormlets yield and cormlet fresh and dry weights. Using sand medium in plantation occupied the second rank in improving such parameters in both seasons. Meanwhile, slight effects were obtained on the same parameters due to using sand/sewage sludge medium in plantation. Chemical constituents of the new formed corms indicated also the prevalence of using sand/compost medium in raising N, P, K and total carbohydrates %. Actosol treatment proved its superiority in increasing both corms yield and quality in both seasons. Meanwhile, applying garlic extract occupied the second rank in improving the same traits with significant effect comparing with control in most cases. However, using yeast extract slightly improved these parameters and achieved the third position. Results, also showed the prevalence of treating plants with actosol for increasing cormlets yield (No. of cormlets/experimental unit) whereas, garlic extract achieved the second position for elevating the same parameter. Meanwhile, yeast application recorded the least effect in improving such trait. In the same time, either organic fertilization (actosol) or biostimulants (garlic and yeast) slightly improved cormletfresh and dry weights, with insignificant effect in most cases. Also, the previous treatments showed slight increments on N, P, K and total carbohydrates % in new formed corms, where actosol was the best in this respect.Form the aforementioned results and interactions it could be recommended to grow Gladiolus (cv. Novalux) cormlets in sand/compost (1:1 v/v) medium and treating plants with organic fertilization (actosol) for producing the best corms and cormlets yield and quality.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Sand and compost medium ranked best for corm yield, weights, circumference and root length.
- Material
- NOVALUXt0
- Treatment
- sand/compost (1:1 v/v) mediume0
- Outcome
- corms yield (No. of corms/experimental unit), corm fresh and dry weights, corm circumferencee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
GladiolusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that sand/compost (1:1 v/v) medium proved its mastery for increasing corms yield (No. of corms/experimental unit), corm fresh and dry weights, corm circumference, root length of the new formed corms, cormlets yield and cormlet fresh and dry weights.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sand and compost medium increased root length of new corms.
- Treatment
- sand/compost (1:1 v/v) mediume0
- Outcome
- root length of the new formed cormse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that sand/compost (1:1 v/v) medium proved its mastery for increasing corms yield (No. of corms/experimental unit), corm fresh and dry weights, corm circumference, root length of the new formed corms, cormlets yield and cormlet fresh and dry weights.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sand and compost medium increased cormlet yield and fresh and dry weights.
- Treatment
- sand/compost (1:1 v/v) mediume0
- Outcome
- cormlets yield and cormlet fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that sand/compost (1:1 v/v) medium proved its mastery for increasing corms yield (No. of corms/experimental unit), corm fresh and dry weights, corm circumference, root length of the new formed corms, cormlets yield and cormlet fresh and dry weights.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sand ranked second for those production traits in both seasons.
- Treatment
- sand mediume0
- Outcome
- second rank in improving such parameterse0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using sand medium in plantation occupied the second rank in improving such parameters in both seasons.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sand and sewage sludge medium had slight effects on those production traits.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, slight effects were obtained on the same parameters due to using sand/sewage sludge medium in plantation.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sand and compost medium raised corm nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and total carbohydrates.
- Organ / stage
- new formed cormse0
- Treatment
- sand/compost mediume0
- Outcome
- N, P, K and total carbohydrates %e0
- Direction
- raisinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical constituents of the new formed corms indicated also the prevalence of using sand/compost medium in raising N, P, K and total carbohydrates %.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actosol ranked best for corm yield and quality in both seasons.
- Treatment
- Actosol treatmente0
- Outcome
- corms yield and qualitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Actosol treatment proved its superiority in increasing both corms yield and quality in both seasons.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract ranked second for corm yield and quality and was significant against control in most cases.
- Treatment
- garlic extracte0
- Outcome
- second rank in improving the same traitse0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- in most casese0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, applying garlic extract occupied the second rank in improving the same traits with significant effect comparing with control in most cases.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast extract slightly improved corm yield and quality and ranked third.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, using yeast extract slightly improved these parameters and achieved the third position.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actosol ranked best for cormlet yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results, also showed the prevalence of treating plants with actosol for increasing cormlets yield (No. of cormlets/experimental unit) whereas, garlic extract achieved the second position for elevating the same parameter.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract ranked second for cormlet yield.
- Treatment
- garlic extracte0
- Outcome
- cormlets yield (No. of cormlets/experimental unit)e0
- Direction
- elevatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results, also showed the prevalence of treating plants with actosol for increasing cormlets yield (No. of cormlets/experimental unit) whereas, garlic extract achieved the second position for elevating the same parameter.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast application had the least improvement in cormlet yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meanwhile, yeast application recorded the least effect in improving such trait.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actosol slightly improved cormlet fresh and dry weights, usually without significance.
- Treatment
- organic fertilization (actosol)e0
- Outcome
- cormletfresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- in most casese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the same time, either organic fertilization (actosol) or biostimulants (garlic and yeast) slightly improved cormletfresh and dry weights, with insignificant effect in most cases.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic biostimulant slightly improved cormlet fresh and dry weights, usually without significance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the same time, either organic fertilization (actosol) or biostimulants (garlic and yeast) slightly improved cormletfresh and dry weights, with insignificant effect in most cases.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast biostimulant slightly improved cormlet fresh and dry weights, usually without significance.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the same time, either organic fertilization (actosol) or biostimulants (garlic and yeast) slightly improved cormletfresh and dry weights, with insignificant effect in most cases.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
The amendments slightly raised corm N, P, K and total carbohydrates, with actosol best.
- Organ / stage
- new formed cormse0
- Treatment
- actosole0
- Outcome
- N, P, K and total carbohydrates %e0
- Direction
- incrementse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, the previous treatments showed slight increments on N, P, K and total carbohydrates % in new formed corms, where actosol was the best in this respect.”
t0“GLADIOLUS (CV. NOVALUX)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend sand and compost medium with actosol for best corm and cormlet yield and quality.
- Material
- Novaluxe0
- Treatment
- sand/compost (1:1 v/v) medium and treating plants with organic fertilization (actosol)e0
- Outcome
- best corms and cormlets yield and qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Form the aforementioned results and interactions it could be recommended to grow Gladiolus (cv. Novalux) cormlets in sand/compost (1:1 v/v) medium and treating plants with organic fertilization (actosol) for producing the best corms and cormlets yield and quality.”
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8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.