Abstract
Integrated disease management is the best and most environmentally friendly technique for managing of a plant disease. Among the nine fungicides tested in vitro against Botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mould in Gladiolus, hexaconazole and a combination of iprodione+carbendazim exhibited complete inhibition of the mycelia growth at all the tested concentrations. In the evaluation of 15 different plant oils against B. cinerea, oils of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon martini, Pelargonium graveolens, Cymbopogon sp., and Oreganum vulgare resulted in 100% mycelial growth inhibition of B. cinerea at all concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000 ppm. Aqueous extract of cloves of Allium sativum resulted best among the different botanicals and bioproducts tested in vitro with a maximum average mycelial growth inhibition of 57.39%, followed by the leaves of Azadirachta indica (45.47%) at 20, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. In integrated management of the grey mould of gladiolus under in vivo conditions, the combination of quintal + A. sativum + neem oil exhibited the maximum reduction in disease (94.40 %), followed by the combination of contaf + A.sativum + neem oil, which showed 93.19% disease reduction. The treatments viz., quintal +A.sativum + neem oil also resulted in the most superior treatment in enhancing growth and yield parameters of gladiolus with significantly improved plant height (70.34 cm), yield of corms (38.00), spike length (53.17 cm), number of florets (15.65), and number of flowers (32.67). These results indicate that the integrated management approach by using fungicides, botanicals and essential oils could be used for the control of grey mould diseases caused by Botrytis pathogens.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole and iprodione+carbendazim completely inhibited mycelial growth of B. cinerea at all tested concentrations in vitro.
- Treatment
- hexaconazole and a combination of iprodione+carbendazime1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae1pathogen - Outcome
- mycelia growthe1
- Direction
- complete inhibitione1
- Qualifier
- at all the tested concentrationse1
- Setting
- in vitroe1
GladiolusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the nine fungicides tested in vitro against Botrytis cinerea, which causes grey mould in Gladiolus, hexaconazole and a combination of iprodione+carbendazim exhibited complete inhibition of the mycelia growth at all the tested concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Oils of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon martini and Pelargonium graveolens gave 100% mycelial growth inhibition of B. cinerea at 200 to 1000 ppm.
- Treatment
- oils of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon martini, Pelargonium graveolense2
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae2pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitione2
- Value
- 100%e2
- Qualifier
- at all concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000 ppme2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“collected from gladiolus”
e2“In the evaluation of 15 different plant oils against B. cinerea, oils of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon martini, Pelargonium graveolens, Cymbopogon sp., and Oreganum vulgare resulted in 100% mycelial growth inhibition of B. cinerea at all concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Cymbopogon sp. and Oreganum vulgare oils gave 100% mycelial growth inhibition of B. cinerea at 200 to 1000 ppm.
- Treatment
- Cymbopogon sp., and Oreganum vulgaree2
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae2pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitione2
- Value
- 100%e2
- Qualifier
- at all concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000 ppme2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“collected from gladiolus”
e2“In the evaluation of 15 different plant oils against B. cinerea, oils of Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon martini, Pelargonium graveolens, Cymbopogon sp., and Oreganum vulgare resulted in 100% mycelial growth inhibition of B. cinerea at all concentrations ranging from 200 to 1000 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous extract of Allium sativum cloves gave the maximum average mycelial growth inhibition of 57.39% among botanicals in vitro.
- Treatment
- Aqueous extract of cloves of Allium sativume3
- Outcome
- mycelial growth inhibitione3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 57.39%e3
- Comparator
- the different botanicals and bioproductse3
- Setting
- in vitroe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“collected from gladiolus”
e3“Aqueous extract of cloves of Allium sativum resulted best among the different botanicals and bioproducts tested in vitro with a maximum average mycelial growth inhibition of 57.39%”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of Azadirachta indica gave 45.47% mycelial growth inhibition at 20 to 100 ppm, after Allium sativum.
- Treatment
- the leaves of Azadirachta indicae4
- Outcome
- mycelial growth inhibitione4
- Direction
- inhibitione4
- Value
- 45.47%e4
- Qualifier
- at 20, 50, 75, and 100 ppme4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“collected from gladiolus”
e4“with a maximum average mycelial growth inhibition of 57.39%, followed by the leaves of Azadirachta indica (45.47%) at 20, 50, 75, and 100 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Quintal + A. sativum + neem oil gave the maximum reduction in gladiolus grey mould disease (94.40%) in vivo.
- Treatment
- quintal + A. sativum + neem oile5
- Outcome
- diseasee5
- Direction
- maximum reductione5
- Value
- 94.40 %e5
- Setting
- in vivo conditionse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In integrated management of the grey mould of gladiolus under in vivo conditions, the combination of quintal + A. sativum + neem oil exhibited the maximum reduction in disease (94.40 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
Contaf + A. sativum + neem oil gave 93.19% gladiolus grey mould disease reduction, second to the quintal combination.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“collected from gladiolus”
e6“followed by the combination of contaf + A.sativum + neem oil, which showed 93.19% disease reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Quintal + A. sativum + neem oil gave the most superior improvement in plant height (70.34 cm).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The treatments viz., quintal +A.sativum + neem oil also resulted in the most superior treatment in enhancing growth and yield parameters of gladiolus with significantly improved plant height (70.34 cm), yield of corms (38.00), spike length (53.17 cm), number of florets (15.65), and number of flowers (32.67)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quintal + A. sativum + neem oil improved corm yield (38.00).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The treatments viz., quintal +A.sativum + neem oil also resulted in the most superior treatment in enhancing growth and yield parameters of gladiolus with significantly improved plant height (70.34 cm), yield of corms (38.00), spike length (53.17 cm), number of florets (15.65), and number of flowers (32.67)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quintal + A. sativum + neem oil improved spike length (53.17 cm).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The treatments viz., quintal +A.sativum + neem oil also resulted in the most superior treatment in enhancing growth and yield parameters of gladiolus with significantly improved plant height (70.34 cm), yield of corms (38.00), spike length (53.17 cm), number of florets (15.65), and number of flowers (32.67)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quintal + A. sativum + neem oil improved the number of florets (15.65).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The treatments viz., quintal +A.sativum + neem oil also resulted in the most superior treatment in enhancing growth and yield parameters of gladiolus with significantly improved plant height (70.34 cm), yield of corms (38.00), spike length (53.17 cm), number of florets (15.65), and number of flowers (32.67)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quintal + A. sativum + neem oil improved the number of flowers (32.67).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The treatments viz., quintal +A.sativum + neem oil also resulted in the most superior treatment in enhancing growth and yield parameters of gladiolus with significantly improved plant height (70.34 cm), yield of corms (38.00), spike length (53.17 cm), number of florets (15.65), and number of flowers (32.67)”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated management approach using fungicides, botanicals and essential oils could be used to control gladiolus grey mould caused by Botrytis.
- Treatment
- integrated management approach by using fungicides, botanicals and essential oilse1
- Outcome
- control of grey mould diseasese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“collected from gladiolus”
e1“These results indicate that the integrated management approach by using fungicides, botanicals and essential oils could be used for the control of grey mould diseases caused by Botrytis pathogens”
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