Abstract
Plant defense against their pathogens can be induced by a complex network of different inducers. The present study investigates the synergistic effect of Trichoderma harzianum, exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) over the response and regulation of the antioxidant defense mechanisms and lipid peroxidation in tomato plants against Fusarium wilt disease. In the present work, tomato plants were infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 3 days after inoculated with T. harzianum and/or sprayed daily for 3 days with chemical inducers (SA and MeJA). Plants were analysed at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Infection of tomato plants by pathogen led to strong reduction in the dry weight of roots and shoots with the enhanced concentration of H2O2 and varying degree of lipid peroxidation. Concurrently, exogenous SA, when applied with pathogen greatly enhanced H2O2 content as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes except catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx). The pathogen challenged plants pretreated with T. harzianum and MeJA together exhibited less lipid peroxidation and as well as the elevated level of ascorbic acid and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes. All applied treatments protected tomato seedlings against Fusarium wilt disease but the percentage of protection was found higher in plants pretreated with the combination of T. harzianum and chemical inducers.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen infection altered tomato dry weight of roots and shoots.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Infection of tomato plants by pathogene0
- Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- dry weight of roots and shootse0
- Direction
- strong reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection of tomato plants by pathogen led to strong reduction in the dry weight of roots and shoots with the enhanced concentration of H2O2 and varying degree of lipid peroxidation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen infection altered tomato concentration of H2O2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Infection of tomato plants by pathogene0
- Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- concentration of H2O2e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection of tomato plants by pathogen led to strong reduction in the dry weight of roots and shoots with the enhanced concentration of H2O2 and varying degree of lipid peroxidation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen infection altered tomato lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Infection of tomato plants by pathogene0
- Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection of tomato plants by pathogen led to strong reduction in the dry weight of roots and shoots with the enhanced concentration of H2O2 and varying degree of lipid peroxidation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA with the pathogen enhanced tomato H2O2 content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe0
- Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- greatly enhancede0
Not reportedComparatorQualifier
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous SA, when applied with pathogen greatly enhanced H2O2 content as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes except catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA with the pathogen enhanced tomato activities of antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe0
- Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- greatly enhancede0
- Qualifier
- except catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous SA, when applied with pathogen greatly enhanced H2O2 content as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes except catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx)”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants pretreated with T. harzianum and MeJA had less lipid peroxidation after pathogen challenge.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pretreated with T. harzianum and MeJA togethere0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogen challenged plants pretreated with T. harzianum and MeJA together exhibited less lipid peroxidation and as well as the elevated level of ascorbic acid and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants pretreated with T. harzianum and MeJA had elevated level of ascorbic acid after pathogen challenge.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pretreated with T. harzianum and MeJA togethere0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- level of ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogen challenged plants pretreated with T. harzianum and MeJA together exhibited less lipid peroxidation and as well as the elevated level of ascorbic acid and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants pretreated with T. harzianum and MeJA had enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes after pathogen challenge.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pretreated with T. harzianum and MeJA togethere0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pathogen challenged plants pretreated with T. harzianum and MeJA together exhibited less lipid peroxidation and as well as the elevated level of ascorbic acid and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
All applied treatments protected tomato seedlings against Fusarium wilt disease.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- All applied treatmentse0
- Outcome
- protected tomato seedlings against Fusarium wilt diseasee0
FusariumNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All applied treatments protected tomato seedlings against Fusarium wilt disease but the percentage of protection was found higher in plants pretreated with the combination of T. harzianum and chemical inducers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Protection against Fusarium wilt was higher with combined T. harzianum and chemical inducers.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- combination of T. harzianum and chemical inducerse0
- Second interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percentage of protectione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All applied treatments protected tomato seedlings against Fusarium wilt disease but the percentage of protection was found higher in plants pretreated with the combination of T. harzianum and chemical inducers.”
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See all 11 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.