Abstract
Microbial priming represents an adaptive strategy to enhance the plant defense against subsequent challenges incited by pathogenic microbes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of priming with Trichoderma harzianum (Th) on the induced resistance potential of tomato after challenged with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) pathogen. This work demonstrated antioxidative and defense related enzyme activities and qRT-PCR to study the resistance mechanisms of tomato plants bioprimed with T. harzianum against Fol pathogen. Microbial biopriming with T. harzianum resulted into enhanced expression of tomato defense-related genes and was accompanied by increased antioxidative enzymic activities. The study reported that the T. harzianum primed plants showed 2.71-fold higher SOD than control and 1.34-fold (Fol + Th) higher SOD activity compared to Fol challenged plants. In contrast, Fol + Th treated showed 5.87-fold and 1.34-fold higher CAT enzyme activity as compared to control and pathogen exposed plants. T. harzianum bioprimed plants noted 1.47- and 11.47-fold enhanced PPO activity as compared to Fol challenged and controls, respectively. PAL and PO activities were also found higher in T. harzianum primed plants. The qRT-PCR revealed that expression of defense related gene showed higher up-regulation in T. harzianum primed plants as compared to pathogen challenged plants. As compared to control, Fol + Th treated plants also showed higher up-regulation of all the studied genes. The study concluded T. harzianum priming aggravates the plant defense system against the Fol challenged condition and accompanied by higher expression of defense related genes and increased antioxidative activities against subsequent Fol attack.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Biopriming enhanced tomato defense-related gene expression.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Microbial biopriming with T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- expression of tomato defense-related genese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial biopriming with T. harzianum resulted into enhanced expression of tomato defense-related genes and was accompanied by increased antioxidative enzymic activities.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biopriming increased tomato antioxidative enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Microbial biopriming with T. harzianume0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- antioxidative enzymic activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial biopriming with T. harzianum resulted into enhanced expression of tomato defense-related genes and was accompanied by increased antioxidative enzymic activities.”
Claim · model-written summary
Primed plants had 2.71-fold higher SOD than controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum primed plantse0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- SODe0
- Outcome
- SODe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.71-folde0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the T. harzianum primed plants showed 2.71-fold higher SOD than control”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fol plus Th gave 1.34-fold higher SOD than Fol alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Fol + The0
- Gene
- SODe0
- Outcome
- SOD activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.34-folde0
- Comparator
- Fol challenged plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1.34-fold (Fol + Th) higher SOD activity compared to Fol challenged plants.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fol plus Th gave 5.87-fold higher CAT than control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Fol + Th treatede0
- Gene
- CATe0
- Outcome
- CAT enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5.87-folde0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fol + Th treated showed 5.87-fold and 1.34-fold higher CAT enzyme activity as compared to control and pathogen exposed plants.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fol plus Th gave 1.34-fold higher CAT than pathogen-exposed plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Fol + Th treatede0
- Gene
- CATe0
- Outcome
- CAT enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.34-folde0
- Comparator
- pathogen exposed plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fol + Th treated showed 5.87-fold and 1.34-fold higher CAT enzyme activity as compared to control and pathogen exposed plants.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioprimed plants had 1.47-fold higher PPO than Fol-challenged plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum bioprimed plantse0
- Gene
- PPOe0
- Outcome
- PPO activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 1.47-e0
- Comparator
- Fol challengede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum bioprimed plants noted 1.47- and 11.47-fold enhanced PPO activity as compared to Fol challenged and controls, respectively.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioprimed plants had 11.47-fold higher PPO than controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum bioprimed plantse0
- Gene
- PPOe0
- Outcome
- PPO activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 11.47-folde0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. harzianum bioprimed plants noted 1.47- and 11.47-fold enhanced PPO activity as compared to Fol challenged and controls, respectively.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL and PO activities were higher in primed plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum primed plantse0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- PAL and PO activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PAL and PO activities were also found higher in T. harzianum primed plants.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense gene expression was higher in primed plants than pathogen-challenged plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- T. harzianum primed plantse0
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- expression of defense related genee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- pathogen challenged plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of defense related gene showed higher up-regulation in T. harzianum primed plants as compared to pathogen challenged plants.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fol plus Th treatment upregulated all studied genes versus control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Fol + Th treated plantse0
- Outcome
- all the studied genese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared to control, Fol + Th treated plants also showed higher up-regulation of all the studied genes.”
t0“tomato”
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