Abstract
ABSTRACT Increased grain yield and improved processing and nutritional quality are important factors in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production. Six wheat cultivars with different‐colored grains (white, red, and purple) were used to investigate the effect of combined N (N 1 : 90 kg N ha −1 ; N 2 : 240 kg N ha −1 ) and P fertilizer (P 1 : 60 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 ; P 2 : 209 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 ) on yield, dough rheological properties, grain Fe and Zn content, and phenolic acid content in two sowing years. Fertilization, cultivar, and its interactions all had a significant effect on most of the tested parameters. Both purple cultivars had a higher average protein content (14.46 and 14.13%), total insoluble phenolic acid content (840.24 and 778.46 μg g −1 ) and antioxidant activity (16.16 and 13.94 μmol FeSO 4 g −1 ) than the red and white cultivars. Meanwhile, the two red cultivars had the highest total soluble phenolic acid content. High N application increased grain yield, protein content, dough rheological properties, grain Fe and Zn, and accumulative contents. Highest insoluble ferulic acid and total insoluble phenolic acid contents were observed under high P (N 1 P 2 or N 2 P 2 ) treatment, whereas the highest total soluble phenolic acid contents were observed under low‐N treatment. High combined N and P fertilizer application also resulted in higher antioxidant activity. Wheat cultivars with a medium to strong dough strength would benefit from N 2 P 2 treatment in terms of yield, processing quality, and nutritional quality. This is especially true for purple cultivars, which have a high nutritional quality. In contrast, soft gluten cultivars would benefit from N 1 P 2 treatment.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilisation, cultivar and interactions significantly affected most tested parameters.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- most of the tested parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization, cultivar, and its interactions all had a significant effect on most of the tested parameters”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The two purple cultivars had higher mean protein content than red and white cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- purple cultivarse0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 14.46 and 14.13%e0
- Comparator
- red and white cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both purple cultivars had a higher average protein content (14.46 and 14.13%), total insoluble phenolic acid content (840.24 and 778.46 μg g −1 ) and antioxidant activity (16.16 and 13.94 μmol FeSO 4 g −1 ) than the red and white cultivars”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple cultivars had higher insoluble phenolic acid content than red and white cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- purple cultivarse0
- Outcome
- total insoluble phenolic acid contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 840.24 and 778.46 μg g −1e0
- Comparator
- red and white cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both purple cultivars had a higher average protein content (14.46 and 14.13%), total insoluble phenolic acid content (840.24 and 778.46 μg g −1 ) and antioxidant activity (16.16 and 13.94 μmol FeSO 4 g −1 ) than the red and white cultivars”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple cultivars had higher antioxidant activity than red and white cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- purple cultivarse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 16.16 and 13.94 μmol FeSO 4 g −1e0
- Comparator
- red and white cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both purple cultivars had a higher average protein content (14.46 and 14.13%), total insoluble phenolic acid content (840.24 and 778.46 μg g −1 ) and antioxidant activity (16.16 and 13.94 μmol FeSO 4 g −1 ) than the red and white cultivars”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Red cultivars had the highest total soluble phenolic acid content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- red cultivarse0
- Outcome
- total soluble phenolic acid contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the two red cultivars had the highest total soluble phenolic acid content”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- High N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N application increased grain yield, protein content, dough rheological properties, grain Fe and Zn, and accumulative contents”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased protein content and dough rheological properties.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- High N applicatione0
- Outcome
- protein content, dough rheological propertiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N application increased grain yield, protein content, dough rheological properties, grain Fe and Zn, and accumulative contents”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased grain iron, zinc and accumulative contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- High N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain Fe and Zn, and accumulative contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N application increased grain yield, protein content, dough rheological properties, grain Fe and Zn, and accumulative contents”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High phosphorus produced the highest insoluble ferulic and total insoluble phenolic acid content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high P (N 1 P 2 or N 2 P 2 ) treatmente0
- Outcome
- insoluble ferulic acid and total insoluble phenolic acid contentse0
- Direction
- Higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest insoluble ferulic acid and total insoluble phenolic acid contents were observed under high P (N 1 P 2 or N 2 P 2 ) treatment”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen produced the highest total soluble phenolic acid content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low‐N treatmente0
- Outcome
- total soluble phenolic acid contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest total soluble phenolic acid contents were observed under low‐N treatment”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High combined nitrogen and phosphorus produced higher antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- High combined N and P fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High combined N and P fertilizer application also resulted in higher antioxidant activity”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend N2P2 for medium to strong dough cultivars.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- cultivars with a medium to strong dough strengthe0
- Treatment
- N 2 P 2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- yield, processing quality, and nutritional qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat cultivars with a medium to strong dough strength would benefit from N 2 P 2 treatment in terms of yield, processing quality, and nutritional quality”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend N1P2 for soft gluten cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- soft gluten cultivarse0
- Treatment
- N 1 P 2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- benefite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soft gluten cultivars would benefit from N 1 P 2 treatment”
t0“Wheat”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.