Abstract
In vivo study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of foliar application of garlic extract and two chemical fungicides (ridomil and z-force) in the reduction of late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, increase of potato biomass and total tuber yield in natural field condition. The field experiment was conducted in Machambe village, Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State. Certified seeds were obtained from the National Root Crop Research Institute, Kuru, Plateau State, Nigeria. Potato seeds were grown in four row plots, 30-meter-long with spacing of 70cm between rows and 30cm within rows. Experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with four replications. Foliar sprays of 0.4 g/l Ridomil, Z-force and garlic extract respectively, at a 3day interval soon after first visible symptoms appeared to reduced disease incidence and resulted in higher biological and tuber yield compared to control (unsprayed plots). Ridomil and garlic extract were most effective in minimizing the disease incidence and producing better biological yields (33.95g and 31.02g) and tuber yields (15.93t/ha and 14.99t/ha) respectively. Control plot produced the least biological and tuber yield of 23.92g and 11.95t/ha respectively. There was no significant difference at P<0.05 between the tested treatments. There was significant difference in disease incidence reduction at (P<0.05) by the extract and chemical fungicides. Late blight incidence reduction effect of garlic extract was slightly higher than that of Z-force fungicide. Therefore, the evaluated plant material (garlic extract) could serve as an alternative to chemical fungicide in the control of late blight disease in potato.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Ridomil spray reduced potato late blight incidence versus unsprayed plots.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume2 - Treatment
- Ridomile0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestanse1pathogen - Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control (unsprayed plots)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar sprays of 0.4 g/l Ridomil, Z-force and garlic extract respectively, at a 3day interval soon after first visible symptoms appeared to reduced disease incidence and resulted in higher biological and tuber yield compared to control (unsprayed plots).”
e1“late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans”
e2“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Z-force spray reduced potato late blight incidence versus unsprayed plots.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- Z-forcee0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control (unsprayed plots)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar sprays of 0.4 g/l Ridomil, Z-force and garlic extract respectively, at a 3day interval soon after first visible symptoms appeared to reduced disease incidence and resulted in higher biological and tuber yield compared to control (unsprayed plots).”
e1“late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans”
e2“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
garlic extract spray reduced potato late blight incidence versus unsprayed plots.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume2
- Treatment
- garlic extracte0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control (unsprayed plots)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar sprays of 0.4 g/l Ridomil, Z-force and garlic extract respectively, at a 3day interval soon after first visible symptoms appeared to reduced disease incidence and resulted in higher biological and tuber yield compared to control (unsprayed plots).”
e1“late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans”
e2“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridomil spray increased potato biological and tuber yield versus unsprayed plots.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Ridomile0
- Outcome
- biological and tuber yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control (unsprayed plots)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar sprays of 0.4 g/l Ridomil, Z-force and garlic extract respectively, at a 3day interval soon after first visible symptoms appeared to reduced disease incidence and resulted in higher biological and tuber yield compared to control (unsprayed plots).”
e1“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Z-force spray increased potato biological and tuber yield versus unsprayed plots.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Z-forcee0
- Outcome
- biological and tuber yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control (unsprayed plots)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar sprays of 0.4 g/l Ridomil, Z-force and garlic extract respectively, at a 3day interval soon after first visible symptoms appeared to reduced disease incidence and resulted in higher biological and tuber yield compared to control (unsprayed plots).”
e1“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
garlic extract spray increased potato biological and tuber yield versus unsprayed plots.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- garlic extracte0
- Outcome
- biological and tuber yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control (unsprayed plots)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar sprays of 0.4 g/l Ridomil, Z-force and garlic extract respectively, at a 3day interval soon after first visible symptoms appeared to reduced disease incidence and resulted in higher biological and tuber yield compared to control (unsprayed plots).”
e1“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridomil biological yield was 33.95g.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Ridomile0
- Outcome
- biological yieldse0
- Value
- 33.95ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ridomil and garlic extract were most effective in minimizing the disease incidence and producing better biological yields (33.95g and 31.02g) and tuber yields (15.93t/ha and 14.99t/ha) respectively.”
e1“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract biological yield was 31.02g.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- garlic extracte0
- Outcome
- biological yieldse0
- Value
- 31.02ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ridomil and garlic extract were most effective in minimizing the disease incidence and producing better biological yields (33.95g and 31.02g) and tuber yields (15.93t/ha and 14.99t/ha) respectively.”
e1“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridomil tuber yield was 15.93t/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Ridomile0
- Outcome
- tuber yieldse0
- Value
- 15.93t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ridomil and garlic extract were most effective in minimizing the disease incidence and producing better biological yields (33.95g and 31.02g) and tuber yields (15.93t/ha and 14.99t/ha) respectively.”
e1“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract tuber yield was 14.99t/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- garlic extracte0
- Outcome
- tuber yieldse0
- Value
- 14.99t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ridomil and garlic extract were most effective in minimizing the disease incidence and producing better biological yields (33.95g and 31.02g) and tuber yields (15.93t/ha and 14.99t/ha) respectively.”
e1“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Unsprayed control biological yield was 23.92g.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Control plote0
- Outcome
- biological and tuber yielde0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 23.92ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control plot produced the least biological and tuber yield of 23.92g and 11.95t/ha respectively.”
e1“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Unsprayed control tuber yield was 11.95t/ha.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Control plote0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 11.95t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control plot produced the least biological and tuber yield of 23.92g and 11.95t/ha respectively.”
e1“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Tested treatments had no significant difference from one another.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Outcome
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- tested treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference at P<0.05 between the tested treatments.”
e1“potato biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract reduced late blight incidence slightly more than Z-force.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- garlic extracte0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse2pathogen
- Outcome
- Late blight incidence reduction effecte0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Comparator
- Z-force fungicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late blight incidence reduction effect of garlic extract was slightly higher than that of Z-force fungicide.”
e1“potato biomass”
e2“late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest garlic extract as an alternative fungicide for potato late blight.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogen
- Outcome
- alternative to chemical fungicide in the control of late blight diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic extract) could serve as an alternative to chemical fungicide in the control of late blight disease in potato.”
e1“Phytophthora infestans”
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