Abstract
Sugars play important roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stomatal movement. Here, we found that glucose triggered stomatal closure in a dose- and time-dependent manner in Arabidopsis. Pharmacological data showed that glucose-induced stomatal closure was greatly inhibited by catalase [CAT; a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger], diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI; an NADPH oxidase inhibitor), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3; a Ca2+ channel blocker), EGTA (a Ca2+ chelator), and two nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitors, tungstate and sodium azide (NaN3), while it was not affected by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM; a peroxidase inhibitor). Moreover, glucose induced ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production in guard cells of Arabidopsis. The ROS production was almost completely removed by CAT, strongly restricted by DPI, and was not affected by SHAM. NO production was partially suppressed by tungstate and NaN3, and the levels of NO were significantly reduced in the nia1-1nia2-5 mutant. Additionally, glucose-triggered stomatal closure was significantly impaired in gin1-1, gin2-1, pyr1pyl1pyl2pyl4, abi1-1, ost1, slac1-4, cpk6-1, and nia1-1nia2-5 mutants. Likewise, the reductions in leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) caused by glucose were reversed in the above mutants. These results suggest that glucose-triggered stomatal closure may be dependent on basal signaling through PYR/RCAR receptors and hexokinase1 (HXK1).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose closed Arabidopsis stomata in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- glucosee0
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Qualifier
- dose- and time-dependent mannere0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucose triggered stomatal closure in a dose- and time-dependent manner in Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase, DPI, lanthanum chloride, EGTA, tungstate and sodium azide inhibited glucose-induced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- catalase [CAT; a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger], diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI; an NADPH oxidase inhibitor), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3; a Ca2+ channel blocker), EGTA (a Ca2+ chelator), and two nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitors, tungstate and sodium azide (NaN3)e0
- Outcome
- glucose-induced stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucose-induced stomatal closure was greatly inhibited by catalase [CAT; a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger], diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI; an NADPH oxidase inhibitor), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3; a Ca2+ channel blocker), EGTA (a Ca2+ chelator), and two nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitors, tungstate and sodium azide (NaN3)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
SHAM did not affect glucose-induced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- salicylhydroxamic acide0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was not affected by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM; a peroxidase inhibitor)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose induced ROS and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis guard cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- guard cellse0
- Treatment
- glucosee0
- Outcome
- ROS and nitric oxide (NO) productione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucose induced ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production in guard cells of Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
CAT and DPI restricted glucose-induced ROS production, whereas SHAM did not affect it.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- CATe0
- Outcome
- ROS productione0
- Direction
- removede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ROS production was almost completely removed by CAT, strongly restricted by DPI, and was not affected by SHAM”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Tungstate and NaN3 partially suppressed nitric oxide production, and the nia1-1nia2-5 mutant had significantly reduced NO levels.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- nia1-1nia2-5 mutante0
- Outcome
- levels of NOe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO production was partially suppressed by tungstate and NaN3, and the levels of NO were significantly reduced in the nia1-1nia2-5 mutant”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose-triggered stomatal closure was impaired in the listed signaling mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- gin1-1, gin2-1, pyr1pyl1pyl2pyl4, abi1-1, ost1, slac1-4, cpk6-1, and nia1-1nia2-5 mutantse0
- Outcome
- glucose-triggered stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- impairede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucose-triggered stomatal closure was significantly impaired in gin1-1, gin2-1, pyr1pyl1pyl2pyl4, abi1-1, ost1, slac1-4, cpk6-1, and nia1-1nia2-5 mutants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose-related reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were reversed in the listed mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E)e0
- Direction
- reversede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reductions in leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) caused by glucose were reversed in the above mutants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest glucose-triggered closure may depend on basal PYR/RCAR and HXK1 signaling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PYR/RCAR receptors and hexokinase1 (HXK1)e0
- Outcome
- glucose-triggered stomatal closuree0
- Qualifier
- basal signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucose-triggered stomatal closure may be dependent on basal signaling through PYR/RCAR receptors and hexokinase1 (HXK1)”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
lanthanum trichloride · physiology: gas exchange · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
glucose · physiology: gas exchange · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
calcium(2+) · physiology: gas exchange · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
reactive oxygen species · physiology: gas exchange · ArabidopsisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor · physiology: gas exchange · ArabidopsisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
nitrogen · physiology: gas exchange · ArabidopsisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.