Abstract
(600 µM) on photosynthetic performance of hydroponically-grown durum wheat seedlings was performed. At day 8, Cd and Zn were added to the nutrient solution. After 7-days exposure, the chosen concentrations of both metals resulted in similar relative growth rate (RGR) inhibitions of about 50% and comparable retardations of the CO₂ assimilation rates (about 30%) in the second developed leaf of wheat seedlings. Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated that both metals disturbed photosynthetic electron transport processes which led to a 4- to 5-fold suppression of the efficiency of energy transformation in Photosystem II. Non-specific toxic effects of Cd and Zn, which prevailed, were an inactivation of part of Photosystem II reaction centres and their transformation into excitation quenching forms as well as disturbed electron transport in the oxygen-evolving complex. The specificity of the Cd and Zn modes of action was mainly expressed in the intensity of the toxicity effects: despite the similar inhibitions of the CO₂ assimilation rates, the wheat photochemistry showed much more sensitivity to Cd than to Zn exposure.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cd inhibited wheat relative growth rate by about 50%.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- relative growth rate (RGR)e0
- Direction
- inhibitionse0
- Value
- about 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chosen concentrations of both metals resulted in similar relative growth rate (RGR) inhibitions of about 50%”
e1“Cd and Zn were added to the nutrient solution”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn inhibited wheat relative growth rate by about 50%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- Zinct0
- Outcome
- relative growth rate (RGR)e0
- Direction
- inhibitionse0
- Value
- about 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chosen concentrations of both metals resulted in similar relative growth rate (RGR) inhibitions of about 50%”
t0“Cadmium and Zinc Affect Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd retarded wheat CO₂ assimilation by about 30%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- second developed leafe0
- Treatment
- Cde1
- Outcome
- CO₂ assimilation ratese0
- Direction
- retardationse0
- Value
- about 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“comparable retardations of the CO₂ assimilation rates (about 30%) in the second developed leaf of wheat seedlings”
e1“Cd and Zn were added to the nutrient solution”
t0“Cadmium and Zinc”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn retarded wheat CO₂ assimilation by about 30%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- second developed leafe0
- Treatment
- Zne1
- Outcome
- CO₂ assimilation ratese0
- Direction
- retardationse0
- Value
- about 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“comparable retardations of the CO₂ assimilation rates (about 30%) in the second developed leaf of wheat seedlings”
e1“Cd and Zn were added to the nutrient solution”
t0“Cadmium and Zinc”
Claim · model-written summary
Both metals suppressed photosystem II energy transformation efficiency four- to five-fold.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- both metalse0
- Outcome
- efficiency of energy transformation in Photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- suppressione0
- Value
- 4- to 5-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both metals disturbed photosynthetic electron transport processes which led to a 4- to 5-fold suppression of the efficiency of energy transformation in Photosystem II”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Both metals inactivated some photosystem II reaction centres and disrupted electron transport in the oxygen-evolving complex.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- inactivation of part of Photosystem II reaction centres and their transformation into excitation quenching forms as well as disturbed electron transport in the oxygen-evolving complexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an inactivation of part of Photosystem II reaction centres and their transformation into excitation quenching forms as well as disturbed electron transport in the oxygen-evolving complex”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat photochemistry was more sensitive to Cd than Zn despite similar CO₂ assimilation inhibition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- wheat photochemistrye0
- Direction
- much more sensitivitye0
- Comparator
- Zn exposuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“despite the similar inhibitions of the CO₂ assimilation rates, the wheat photochemistry showed much more sensitivity to Cd than to Zn exposure”
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