Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency reduces the grain yield and quality of wheat. Plant-growth-promoting bacteria may help to improve plant Zn availability. This study evaluated the influence of inorganic Zn, with and without Zn-solubilising bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. MN12), on performance and grain biofortification of wheat. Zinc was supplied with and without Pseudomonas to two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008) via four treatments: soil application (5.0 mg kg–1 soil), foliar application (0.025 m), seed priming (0.5 m) and seed coating (1.25 g kg–1 seed). Hydroprimed seeds were taken as control. Inoculation with Pseudomonas improved photosynthesis, yield, biofortification of grains and organic acid production in root exudates. However, inoculation was more effective when applied in combination with different Zn application methods. Maximum improvement in plant photosynthetic assessment and grain yield was recorded with Pseudomonas + Zn seed priming, followed by Pseudomonas + soil application of Zn. These two combinations also enhanced organic acid production in root exudates of wheat. Soil and foliar application of Zn with Pseudomonas enhanced Zn concentration in whole grain, embryo, aleurone and endosperm. Combined application of Pseudomonas and Zn (soil and foliar) reduced phytate concentration and [phytate] : [Zn] ratio and increased the bioavailable Zn in wheat grain compared with the control. In conclusion, the combination Pseudomonas inoculation along with Zn seed priming and soil application was more effective in improving grain yield of wheat, whereas soil- and foliar-applied Zn with Pseudomonas inoculation was better in enhancing grain Zn concentration and bioavailability.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas inoculation improved photosynthesis and yield of bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008e0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with Pseudomonase2
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MN12e1other
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, yielde2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Comparator
- Hydroprimed seedse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008)”
e1“with and without Zn-solubilising bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. MN12)”
e2“Inoculation with Pseudomonas improved photosynthesis, yield, biofortification of grains and organic acid production in root exudates”
e3“Hydroprimed seeds were taken as control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas inoculation improved biofortification of wheat grains.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with Pseudomonase2
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MN12e1other
- Outcome
- biofortification of grainse2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008)”
e1“with and without Zn-solubilising bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. MN12)”
e2“Inoculation with Pseudomonas improved photosynthesis, yield, biofortification of grains and organic acid production in root exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas inoculation improved organic acid production in root exudates of bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with Pseudomonase2
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp. MN12e1other
- Outcome
- organic acid production in root exudatese2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008)”
e1“with and without Zn-solubilising bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. MN12)”
e2“Inoculation with Pseudomonas improved photosynthesis, yield, biofortification of grains and organic acid production in root exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas with zinc seed priming gave the maximum improvement in photosynthesis and grain yield.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas + Zn seed priminge1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas
Pseudomonase1other - Outcome
- plant photosynthetic assessment and grain yielde1
- Direction
- Maximum improvemente1
- Qualifier
- followed by Pseudomonas + soil application of Zne1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008)”
e1“Maximum improvement in plant photosynthetic assessment and grain yield was recorded with Pseudomonas + Zn seed priming, followed by Pseudomonas + soil application of Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
The two Pseudomonas and zinc combinations enhanced organic acid production in root exudates of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- These two combinationse1
- Interactor
- PseudomonasPseudomonase2other
- Outcome
- organic acid production in root exudatese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008)”
e1“These two combinations also enhanced organic acid production in root exudates of wheat”
e2“Maximum improvement in plant photosynthetic assessment and grain yield was recorded with Pseudomonas + Zn seed priming, followed by Pseudomonas + soil application of Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil and foliar zinc application with Pseudomonas enhanced zinc concentration in whole grain, embryo, aleurone and endosperm of bread wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- whole grain, embryo, aleurone and endosperme1
- Treatment
- Soil and foliar application of Zn with Pseudomonase1
- Interactor
- PseudomonasPseudomonase1other
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008)”
e1“Soil and foliar application of Zn with Pseudomonas enhanced Zn concentration in whole grain, embryo, aleurone and endosperm”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Pseudomonas and soil plus foliar zinc reduced phytate concentration and the phytate to zinc ratio in wheat grain compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas and Zn (soil and foliar)e1
- Outcome
- phytate concentration and [phytate] : [Zn] ratioe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas and Zn (soil and foliar) reduced phytate concentration and [phytate] : [Zn] ratio and increased the bioavailable Zn in wheat grain compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Pseudomonas and soil plus foliar zinc increased bioavailable zinc in wheat grain compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Combined application of Pseudomonas and Zn (soil and foliar)e1
- Outcome
- bioavailable Zne1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008)”
e1“Combined application of Pseudomonas and Zn (soil and foliar) reduced phytate concentration and [phytate] : [Zn] ratio and increased the bioavailable Zn in wheat grain compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of Pseudomonas inoculation with zinc seed priming and soil application was more effective in improving grain yield of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas inoculation along with Zn seed priming and soil applicatione1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- more effective in improvinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008)”
e1“the combination Pseudomonas inoculation along with Zn seed priming and soil application was more effective in improving grain yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil and foliar zinc with Pseudomonas inoculation was better at enhancing grain zinc concentration and bioavailability.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- soil- and foliar-applied Zn with Pseudomonas inoculatione1
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentration and bioavailabilitye1
- Direction
- better in enhancinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad-2008)”
e1“whereas soil- and foliar-applied Zn with Pseudomonas inoculation was better in enhancing grain Zn concentration and bioavailability”
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See all 11 papers →8 of 16 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.