Paper · 1997

Potential of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria for enhancing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield

Azeem Khalid; Muhammad Arshad; Z. A. Zahir; et al.

13
claims
27
verbatim quotes
12
citations
3
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1, respectively. Control was treated with sterilized inocula. Inoculation with Azotobacter significantly increased the grain yield (upto 19.3%), straw yield (upto 19.5%), plant height (upto 5.2%), number of tillers (upto 16.4%), spikelets (upto 7.0%) and total N-uptake (upto 58.6%) over uninoculated control. Similarly, inoculation with Pseudomonas promoted grain and straw yield, plant height, number of tillers, spikelets and total N-uptake upto 20.4, 14.2, 4.3, 16.8, 4.2 and 65.5%, respectively over uninoculated control. The effects of inoculation treatments on spike length and 1000-grain weight were non-significant.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 13

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Azotobacter inoculation increased wheat grain yield by up to 19.3% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
Inoculation with Azotobactere1
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Outcome
grain yielde1
Direction
increasede1
Value
19.3%e1
Comparator
uninoculated controle1
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e1

“Inoculation with Azotobacter significantly increased the grain yield (upto 19.3%), straw yield (upto 19.5%), plant height (upto 5.2%), number of tillers (upto 16.4%), spikelets (upto 7.0%) and total N-uptake (upto 58.6%) over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–460 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Azotobacter inoculation increased wheat straw yield by up to 19.5% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
Inoculation with Azotobactere1
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Outcome
straw yielde1
Direction
increasede1
Value
19.5%e1
Comparator
uninoculated controle1
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e1

“Inoculation with Azotobacter significantly increased the grain yield (upto 19.3%), straw yield (upto 19.5%), plant height (upto 5.2%), number of tillers (upto 16.4%), spikelets (upto 7.0%) and total N-uptake (upto 58.6%) over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–460 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Azotobacter inoculation increased wheat plant height by up to 5.2% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
Inoculation with Azotobactere1
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Outcome
plant heighte1
Direction
increasede1
Value
5.2%e1
Comparator
uninoculated controle1
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e1

“Inoculation with Azotobacter significantly increased the grain yield (upto 19.3%), straw yield (upto 19.5%), plant height (upto 5.2%), number of tillers (upto 16.4%), spikelets (upto 7.0%) and total N-uptake (upto 58.6%) over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–460 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Azotobacter inoculation increased the number of wheat tillers by up to 16.4% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
Inoculation with Azotobactere1
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Outcome
number of tillerse1
Direction
increasede1
Value
16.4%e1
Comparator
uninoculated controle1
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e1

“Inoculation with Azotobacter significantly increased the grain yield (upto 19.3%), straw yield (upto 19.5%), plant height (upto 5.2%), number of tillers (upto 16.4%), spikelets (upto 7.0%) and total N-uptake (upto 58.6%) over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–460 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Azotobacter inoculation increased the number of wheat spikelets by up to 7.0% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
Inoculation with Azotobactere1
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Outcome
spikeletse1
Direction
increasede1
Value
7.0%e1
Comparator
uninoculated controle1
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e1

“Inoculation with Azotobacter significantly increased the grain yield (upto 19.3%), straw yield (upto 19.5%), plant height (upto 5.2%), number of tillers (upto 16.4%), spikelets (upto 7.0%) and total N-uptake (upto 58.6%) over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–460 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Azotobacter inoculation increased total N-uptake of wheat by up to 58.6% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
Inoculation with Azotobactere1
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Outcome
total N-uptakee1
Direction
increasede1
Value
58.6%e1
Comparator
uninoculated controle1
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e1

“Inoculation with Azotobacter significantly increased the grain yield (upto 19.3%), straw yield (upto 19.5%), plant height (upto 5.2%), number of tillers (upto 16.4%), spikelets (upto 7.0%) and total N-uptake (upto 58.6%) over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 214–460 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pseudomonas inoculation increased wheat grain yield by up to 20.4% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
inoculation with Pseudomonase2
Interactor
PseudomonasPseudomonase2symbiont
Outcome
graine2
Direction
promotede2
Value
20.4e2
Comparator
uninoculated controle2
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)CDC · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e2

“inoculation with Pseudomonas promoted grain and straw yield, plant height, number of tillers, spikelets and total N-uptake upto 20.4, 14.2, 4.3, 16.8, 4.2 and 65.5%, respectively over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 473–677 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pseudomonas inoculation increased wheat straw yield by up to 14.2% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
inoculation with Pseudomonase2
Interactor
PseudomonasPseudomonase2symbiont
Outcome
straw yielde2
Direction
promotede2
Value
14.2e2
Comparator
uninoculated controle2
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)CDC · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e2

“inoculation with Pseudomonas promoted grain and straw yield, plant height, number of tillers, spikelets and total N-uptake upto 20.4, 14.2, 4.3, 16.8, 4.2 and 65.5%, respectively over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 473–677 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pseudomonas inoculation increased wheat plant height by up to 4.3% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
inoculation with Pseudomonase2
Interactor
PseudomonasPseudomonase2symbiont
Outcome
plant heighte2
Direction
promotede2
Value
4.3e2
Comparator
uninoculated controle2
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)CDC · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e2

“inoculation with Pseudomonas promoted grain and straw yield, plant height, number of tillers, spikelets and total N-uptake upto 20.4, 14.2, 4.3, 16.8, 4.2 and 65.5%, respectively over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 473–677 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pseudomonas inoculation increased the number of wheat tillers by up to 16.8% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
inoculation with Pseudomonase2
Interactor
PseudomonasPseudomonase2symbiont
Outcome
number of tillerse2
Direction
promotede2
Value
16.8e2
Comparator
uninoculated controle2
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)CDC · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e2

“inoculation with Pseudomonas promoted grain and straw yield, plant height, number of tillers, spikelets and total N-uptake upto 20.4, 14.2, 4.3, 16.8, 4.2 and 65.5%, respectively over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 473–677 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pseudomonas inoculation increased the number of wheat spikelets by up to 4.2% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
inoculation with Pseudomonase2
Interactor
PseudomonasPseudomonase2symbiont
Outcome
spikeletse2
Direction
promotede2
Value
4.2e2
Comparator
uninoculated controle2
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)CDC · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e2

“inoculation with Pseudomonas promoted grain and straw yield, plant height, number of tillers, spikelets and total N-uptake upto 20.4, 14.2, 4.3, 16.8, 4.2 and 65.5%, respectively over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 473–677 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pseudomonas inoculation increased total N-uptake of wheat by up to 65.5% over uninoculated control.

Treatment
inoculation with Pseudomonase2
Interactor
PseudomonasPseudomonase2symbiont
Outcome
total N-uptakee2
Direction
promotede2
Value
65.5%e2
Comparator
uninoculated controle2
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)CDC · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e2

“inoculation with Pseudomonas promoted grain and straw yield, plant height, number of tillers, spikelets and total N-uptake upto 20.4, 14.2, 4.3, 16.8, 4.2 and 65.5%, respectively over uninoculated control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 473–677 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Inoculation treatments did not significantly change wheat spike length or 1000-grain weight relative to sterilized inocula.

Treatment
inoculation treatmentse4
Outcome
spike length and 1000-grain weighte4
Direction
no_changeinferrede4
Comparator
sterilized inoculae3
Setting
fielde0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Wheat seeds inoculated with two isolates each of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were sown in the field receiving fertilizer input of NPK @ 120-75-50 kg ha-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–153 · show in text ↑
e3

“Control was treated with sterilized inocula”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 169–212 · show in text ↑
e4

“The effects of inoculation treatments on spike length and 1000-grain weight were non-significant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 679–775 · show in text ↑

Pseudomonas · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

24 papers: 23 positive, 1 negative or no effect

22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

20 papers more in this group

See all 24 papers →

Azotobacter · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

88 papers: 87 positive, 1 negative or no effect

86 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. positive

84 papers more in this group

See all 88 papers →

Azotobacter · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

14 papers: 13 positive, 1 negative or no effect

12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. positive

10 papers more in this group

See all 14 papers →

Pseudomonas · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

27 papers: 25 positive, 2 negative or no effect

24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. positive

23 papers more in this group

See all 27 papers →

Pseudomonas · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

11 papers: 11 positive, 0 negative or no effect

10 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

7 papers more in this group

See all 11 papers →

Azotobacter · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

29 papers: 29 positive, 0 negative or no effect

28 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

25 papers more in this group

See all 29 papers →

inoculation · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

277 papers: 263 positive, 14 negative or no effect

262 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

273 papers more in this group

See all 277 papers →

inoculation · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

532 papers: 476 positive, 56 negative or no effect

475 papers in the same direction as this paper · 55 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

528 papers more in this group

See all 532 papers →

8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.