Abstract
A field experiment with nine treatments was initiated in 2014 on a Mollisol to study the effect of fertilizers (NPK) and farmyard manure (FYM) application with or without Azotobector or Zinc on yields, soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and sequestration and soil properties in maize-wheat rotation. After four years it was revealed that continuous application of 100% recommended dose of NPK+ FYM @ 5 t ha -1 recorded significantly higher grain yields of maize and wheat and N, P, and K removal by the system. Crops yield increased by 100% NPK alone or combined with FYM or Zn in the fourth year compared to the first year. Intercropping of cowpea with maize caused a reduction in maize yield but its residual effect enhanced wheat yield. Bulk density of surface soil reduced significantly from 1.4-4.3% over initial except in control and 50% NPK. Available N, P, K, and Zn increased under integrated use of NPK fertilizer and FYM or Zn but decreased more in control. Response to the application of 100% NPK was maximum to the tune of 1.31 t ha -1 for maize and 1.34 t ha -1 for wheat whereas least with cowpea intercropping. SOC content and storage/pool in the surface soil increased from 0.7-7.2% and 0.5-2.9%, respectively, in FYM applied plots over the initial level. Application of FYM @ 10 t ha + Azotobacter in cowpea intercropping sequestrated maximum SOC (0.14 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 ) but reduced yields of maize and wheat. Grain yield of maize rather than wheat was more closely correlated with SOC content and storage. Results suggested that continuous application of 100% NPK along with FYM @ 5 t ha -1 led to better soil fertility and yield sustainability.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended NPK plus FYM produced significantly higher maize grain yield.
- Treatment
- 100% recommended dose of NPK+ FYM @ 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- grain yields of maizee0
- Direction
- highere0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous application of 100% recommended dose of NPK+ FYM @ 5 t ha -1 recorded significantly higher grain yields of maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended NPK plus FYM produced significantly higher wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 100% recommended dose of NPK+ FYM @ 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- grain yields of maize and wheate0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous application of 100% recommended dose of NPK+ FYM @ 5 t ha -1 recorded significantly higher grain yields of maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended NPK plus FYM increased N, P and K removal by the system.
- Taxon
- MAIZE-WHEATt0
- Treatment
- 100% recommended dose of NPK+ FYM @ 5 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- N, P, and K removal by the systeme0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“continuous application of 100% recommended dose of NPK+ FYM @ 5 t ha -1 recorded significantly higher grain yields of maize and wheat and N, P, and K removal by the system”
t0“MAIZE-WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield under NPK alone or with FYM or Zn increased in year four relative to year one.
Verbatim
e0“Crops yield increased by 100% NPK alone or combined with FYM or Zn in the fourth year compared to the first year”
t0“MAIZE-WHEAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea intercropping reduced maize yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping of cowpea with maize caused a reduction in maize yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea intercropping had a residual effect that enhanced wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its residual effect enhanced wheat yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Surface soil bulk density declined 1.4-4.3% except in the control and 50% NPK plots.
- Outcome
- Bulk density of surface soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 1.4-4.3%e0
- Qualifier
- except in control and 50% NPKe0
- Comparator
- initiale0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Bulk density of surface soil reduced significantly from 1.4-4.3% over initial except in control and 50% NPK”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated NPK and FYM or Zn increased available soil N, P, K and Zn.
- Treatment
- integrated use of NPK fertilizer and FYM or Zne0
- Outcome
- Available N, P, K, and Zne0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Available N, P, K, and Zn increased under integrated use of NPK fertilizer and FYM or Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Available soil N, P, K and Zn declined more in control plots.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Available N, P, K, and Zn increased under integrated use of NPK fertilizer and FYM or Zn but decreased more in control”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum maize yield response to 100% NPK was 1.31 t ha -1.
- Treatment
- application of 100% NPKe0
- Outcome
- Responsee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.31 t ha -1e0
- Comparator
- cowpea intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response to the application of 100% NPK was maximum to the tune of 1.31 t ha -1 for maize and 1.34 t ha -1 for wheat whereas least with cowpea intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum wheat yield response to 100% NPK was 1.34 t ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- application of 100% NPKe0
- Outcome
- Responsee0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.34 t ha -1e0
- Comparator
- cowpea intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response to the application of 100% NPK was maximum to the tune of 1.31 t ha -1 for maize and 1.34 t ha -1 for wheat whereas least with cowpea intercropping”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plots increased surface soil SOC content 0.7-7.2% over initial.
- Treatment
- FYM applied plotse0
- Outcome
- SOC contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.7-7.2%e0
- Comparator
- the initial levele0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SOC content and storage/pool in the surface soil increased from 0.7-7.2% and 0.5-2.9%, respectively, in FYM applied plots over the initial level”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plots increased surface soil SOC storage 0.5-2.9% over initial.
- Treatment
- FYM applied plotse0
- Outcome
- storage/pool in the surface soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.5-2.9%e0
- Comparator
- the initial levele0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“SOC content and storage/pool in the surface soil increased from 0.7-7.2% and 0.5-2.9%, respectively, in FYM applied plots over the initial level”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plus Azotobacter with cowpea intercropping maximized SOC sequestration at 0.14 Mg C ha -1 yr -1.
- Treatment
- FYM @ 10 t ha + Azotobacter in cowpea intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- SOCe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 0.14 Mg C ha -1 yr -1e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of FYM @ 10 t ha + Azotobacter in cowpea intercropping sequestrated maximum SOC (0.14 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
That FYM, Azotobacter and cowpea treatment reduced maize yield.
- Treatment
- FYM @ 10 t ha + Azotobacter in cowpea intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- yields of maizee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of FYM @ 10 t ha + Azotobacter in cowpea intercropping sequestrated maximum SOC (0.14 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 ) but reduced yields of maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
That FYM, Azotobacter and cowpea treatment reduced wheat yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- FYM @ 10 t ha + Azotobacter in cowpea intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- yields of maize and wheate0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of FYM @ 10 t ha + Azotobacter in cowpea intercropping sequestrated maximum SOC (0.14 Mg C ha -1 yr -1 ) but reduced yields of maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield was more closely correlated with SOC content and storage than wheat yield.
- Outcome
- Grain yield of maizee0
- Direction
- more closely correlatede0
- Qualifier
- SOC content and storagee0
- Comparator
- wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield of maize rather than wheat was more closely correlated with SOC content and storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend continuous full NPK plus 5 t ha -1 FYM for soil fertility and sustainable yield.
Verbatim
e0“continuous application of 100% NPK along with FYM @ 5 t ha -1 led to better soil fertility and yield sustainability”
t0“MAIZE-WHEAT”
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