Abstract
Field trial was conducted to study the effect of nanofertilizer and biofertilizer on physicochemical properties and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different irrigation levels. The treatments included four nanofertilizers (no nanofertilizer, nano zinc (Zn) oxide, nano iron (Fe) oxide, and nano Zn-Fe oxide, each 1.5 g L−1), four biofertilizer (without inoculation, seed inoculation by Azotobacter, Azosperilium, and Pseudomonas), and three irrigation levels (normal irrigation, moderate and severe water limitation). Results indicated that water limitation led to a decrease in the grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of photosystem II, and relative water content whereas, increased proline, soluble sugars, and activities of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. The application of biofertilizers and nanooxides increased the proline, soluble sugars, and enzyme activities. Relative to control plants (without nanooxide), the plants treated with oxide nanoparticles of Zn-Fe had 17% lower electrical conductivity, 27% higher peroxidase activity, and 61% higher polyphenol oxidase under severe water limitation. The application of Azotobacter and nano Zn-Fe oxide caused 88% increase in the grain yield as compared to control under severe water limitation. Our study implies that the combined application of biofertilizer and nano Zn-Fe oxide improved wheat yield under drought stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Water limitation decreased wheat grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, photosystem II efficiency and relative water content.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- water limitatione0
- Outcome
- grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of photosystem II, and relative water contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water limitation led to a decrease in the grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of photosystem II, and relative water content”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Water limitation increased proline, soluble sugars and catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water limitatione0
- Outcome
- proline, soluble sugars, and activities of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water limitation led to a decrease in the grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of photosystem II, and relative water content whereas, increased proline, soluble sugars, and activities of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer application increased proline, soluble sugars and enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- proline, soluble sugars, and enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of biofertilizers and nanooxides increased the proline, soluble sugars, and enzyme activities.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanooxide application increased proline, soluble sugars and enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nanooxidese0
- Outcome
- proline, soluble sugars, and enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of biofertilizers and nanooxides increased the proline, soluble sugars, and enzyme activities.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn-Fe oxide nanoparticles lowered electrical conductivity by 17% under severe water limitation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- oxide nanoparticles of Zn-Fee0
- Outcome
- electrical conductivitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Comparator
- control plants (without nanooxide)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to control plants (without nanooxide), the plants treated with oxide nanoparticles of Zn-Fe had 17% lower electrical conductivity”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn-Fe oxide nanoparticles increased peroxidase activity by 27% under severe water limitation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- oxide nanoparticles of Zn-Fee0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- control plants (without nanooxide)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to control plants (without nanooxide), the plants treated with oxide nanoparticles of Zn-Fe had 17% lower electrical conductivity, 27% higher peroxidase activity”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn-Fe oxide nanoparticles increased polyphenol oxidase by 61% under severe water limitation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- oxide nanoparticles of Zn-Fee0
- Outcome
- polyphenol oxidasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 61%e0
- Qualifier
- severe water limitatione0
- Comparator
- control plants (without nanooxide)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative to control plants (without nanooxide), the plants treated with oxide nanoparticles of Zn-Fe had 17% lower electrical conductivity, 27% higher peroxidase activity, and 61% higher polyphenol oxidase under severe water limitation.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter with nano Zn-Fe oxide increased grain yield by 88% compared with control under severe water limitation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Azotobacter and nano Zn-Fe oxidee0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 88%e0
- Qualifier
- severe water limitatione0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of Azotobacter and nano Zn-Fe oxide caused 88% increase in the grain yield as compared to control under severe water limitation.”
t0“Wheat”
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See all 32 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.