Abstract
The short-term (three years) effects of four sustainable orchard management schemes were evaluated in an experimental olive orchard in Crete, Greece, in terms of mineral content of soil and trees, soil microbial populations and mycorrhizal colonization. The study was performed between 2013 and 2015 in a forty-year-old olive plantation (Olea europaea L., cv. Kalamata). The orchard management schemes included: a) compost application (COMP), b) recycling of pruning material (PRUN), c) a mixed (legumes and Avena sativa) cover crop (COVER), d) combination of a, b and c (ALL), and e) control (CON), with no application of organic material and maintenance of weed-free orchard. Although alteration of basic soil properties including increase of organic matter and water and nutrient holding capacity are slow processes that require several years to be achieved, some positive effects were recorded during the first 3 years of application. Soil organic matter, was significantly increased in ALL treatment as compared to single-factor treatments, where differentiation from control was still not clear. Nitrate-N availability was higher in COMP and ALL treatments, while sole application of PRUN treatment seemed to act negatively in N availability as compared to control. Phosphorus availability was also increased in COMP and ALL treatments, while ALL treatment resulted in higher N and P content in olive tree leaves. A positive effect on mycorrhizal colonization was recorded in ALL treatment, while all sustainable schemes seemed to favor the populations of azotobacters and actinomycetes, as compared to the control. The adoption of the sustainable management schemes applied during this study, is in complete agreement with the European policy on the transition from a linear to a circular economy and could provide significant benefits for rural stakeholders and ecosystems in the long term.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
ALL significantly increased soil organic matter relative to single-factor treatments.
- Treatment
- ALL treatmente0
- Outcome
- Soil organic mattere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- single-factor treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic matter, was significantly increased in ALL treatment as compared to single-factor treatments, where differentiation from control was still not clear”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter differentiation between single-factor treatments and control remained unclear.
- Treatment
- single-factor treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Soil organic mattere0
- Qualifier
- still not cleare0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Soil organic matter, was significantly increased in ALL treatment as compared to single-factor treatments, where differentiation from control was still not clear”
Claim · model-written summary
COMP increased nitrate-N availability.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-N availability was higher in COMP and ALL treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
ALL increased nitrate-N availability.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate-N availability was higher in COMP and ALL treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
PRUN alone appeared to negatively affect N availability relative to control.
- Treatment
- sole application of PRUN treatmente0
- Outcome
- N availabilitye0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Qualifier
- seemede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“sole application of PRUN treatment seemed to act negatively in N availability as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
COMP increased phosphorus availability.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus availability was also increased in COMP and ALL treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
ALL increased phosphorus availability.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus availability was also increased in COMP and ALL treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
ALL increased N and P content in olive leaves.
- Taxon
- olive
Olea europaeae0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- ALL treatmente0
- Outcome
- N and P contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ALL treatment resulted in higher N and P content in olive tree leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
ALL positively affected mycorrhizal colonization in olive.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Treatment
- ALL treatmente0
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive effect on mycorrhizal colonization was recorded in ALL treatment”
t0“olive”
Claim · model-written summary
All sustainable schemes appeared to favor azotobacter populations relative to control.
- Taxon
- azotobacters
Azotobactere0 - Treatment
- all sustainable schemese0
- Outcome
- populations of azotobacterse0
- Direction
- favore0
- Qualifier
- seemede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all sustainable schemes seemed to favor the populations of azotobacters and actinomycetes, as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
All sustainable schemes appeared to favor actinomycete populations relative to control.
Verbatim
e0“all sustainable schemes seemed to favor the populations of azotobacters and actinomycetes, as compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that adopting these sustainable schemes could provide long-term benefits for stakeholders and ecosystems.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeat0
- Outcome
- adoption of the sustainable management schemese0
- Qualifier
- could provide significant benefits for rural stakeholders and ecosystems in the long terme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adoption of the sustainable management schemes applied during this study, is in complete agreement with the European policy on the transition from a linear to a circular economy and could provide significant benefits for rural stakeholders and ecosystems in the long term”
t0“olive”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: content · Olea europaea (common olive)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.