Abstract
Tomato production is affected majorly by pests and diseases; one of the major diseases being Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Healthy tomato plants (variety Beske) were subjected to infection with the bacterium to determine its pathogenicity. Studies were also carried out to determine the anti-microbial effects of water extracts of Zingiber officinale, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum, Allium sativum, Venonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, Senna obtusifolia, Senna occidentalis and Senna sophera at varying concentrations on Ralstonia solanacearum. The crude extracts at various concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 10%) did not have any inhibitory effects on Bacterium. The use of other types of solvents may be necessary as the active ingredients of the plant materials may not be soluble in water. Sensitivity to antibiotics was tested on the bacterium. Seven of the fourteen antibiotics used showed zones of inhibition while the other seven did not have any effects. Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Drovid, Cotrimozazole, Norfloxacin and Clindomycin resulted in varying zoning diameters (2.5-13mm) while Tetracyclin, Amoxycylin, Gentamycin, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftriazone, Augmentin, and Erythromycin did not have effects on the bacterium. The effective antibiotics may be incorporated into the development of an integrated management approach for the control of bacterial wilt of tomatoes.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Water extracts of Zingiber officinale did not inhibit the bacterium at tested concentrations.
- Taxon
- tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Zingiber officinalee1
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume1pathogen - Outcome
- inhibitory effects on Bacteriume0
- Direction
- did not havee0
- Qualifier
- 0.5%, 1% and 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crude extracts at various concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 10%) did not have any inhibitory effects on Bacterium.”
t0“tomatoes”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum. Healthy tomato plants (variety Beske) were subjected to infection with the bacterium to determine its pathogenicity. Studies were also carried out to determine the anti-microbial effects of water extracts of Zingiber officinale, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum, Allium sativum, Venonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, Senna obtusifolia, Senna occidentalis and Senna sophera”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested crude water extracts collectively did not inhibit Ralstonia solanacearum.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- crude extractse0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory effects on Bacteriume0
- Direction
- did not havee0
- Qualifier
- 0.5%, 1% and 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crude extracts at various concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 10%) did not have any inhibitory effects on Bacterium.”
t0“tomatoes”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum. Healthy tomato plants (variety Beske) were subjected to infection with the bacterium to determine its pathogenicity. Studies were also carried out to determine the anti-microbial effects of water extracts of Zingiber officinale, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum, Allium sativum, Venonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, Senna obtusifolia, Senna occidentalis and Senna sophera”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven of fourteen antibiotics produced inhibition zones.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- zones of inhibitione0
- Value
- Seven of the fourteen antibioticse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seven of the fourteen antibiotics used showed zones of inhibition while the other seven did not have any effects.”
t0“tomatoes”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum. Healthy tomato plants (variety Beske) were subjected to infection with the bacterium to determine its pathogenicity. Studies were also carried out to determine the anti-microbial effects of water extracts of Zingiber officinale, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum, Allium sativum, Venonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, Senna obtusifolia, Senna occidentalis and Senna sophera”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven of fourteen antibiotics had no effect on the bacterium.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Direction
- did not havee0
- Value
- sevene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seven of the fourteen antibiotics used showed zones of inhibition while the other seven did not have any effects.”
t0“tomatoes”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum. Healthy tomato plants (variety Beske) were subjected to infection with the bacterium to determine its pathogenicity. Studies were also carried out to determine the anti-microbial effects of water extracts of Zingiber officinale, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum, Allium sativum, Venonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, Senna obtusifolia, Senna occidentalis and Senna sophera”
Claim · model-written summary
The seven named effective antibiotics produced inhibition zones of 2.5-13mm.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Drovid, Cotrimozazole, Norfloxacin and Clindomycine0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- zoning diameterse0
- Value
- 2.5-13mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Drovid, Cotrimozazole, Norfloxacin and Clindomycin resulted in varying zoning diameters (2.5-13mm)”
t0“tomatoes”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum. Healthy tomato plants (variety Beske) were subjected to infection with the bacterium to determine its pathogenicity. Studies were also carried out to determine the anti-microbial effects of water extracts of Zingiber officinale, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum, Allium sativum, Venonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, Senna obtusifolia, Senna occidentalis and Senna sophera”
Claim · model-written summary
The seven named ineffective antibiotics had no effects on the bacterium.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Tetracyclin, Amoxycylin, Gentamycin, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftriazone, Augmentin, and Erythromycine0
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- effects on the bacteriume0
- Direction
- did not havee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tetracyclin, Amoxycylin, Gentamycin, Nitrofurantoin, Ceftriazone, Augmentin, and Erythromycin did not have effects on the bacterium.”
t0“tomatoes”
e1“Ralstonia solanacearum. Healthy tomato plants (variety Beske) were subjected to infection with the bacterium to determine its pathogenicity. Studies were also carried out to determine the anti-microbial effects of water extracts of Zingiber officinale, Azadirachta indica, Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum, Allium sativum, Venonia amygdalina, Jatropha curcas, Senna obtusifolia, Senna occidentalis and Senna sophera”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest incorporating effective antibiotics into bacterial wilt management.
- Taxon
- tomatoesSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- incorporated into the development of an integrated management approach for the control of bacterial wilte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effective antibiotics may be incorporated into the development of an integrated management approach for the control of bacterial wilt of tomatoes.”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Ralstonia solanacearum · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.