Paper · 2001 · Indian Journal of Agronomy

Yield performance and complementarity of rice (Oryza sativa) with greengram (Phaseolus radiatus), blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under different rice-legume associations

BIJAN K. MANDAL; SANJOY SAHAI; TAPAN K. JANA

8
claims
9
verbatim quotes
2
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

In a field investigation during the wet season of 1991 and 1992, the performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with associated legumes, viz. greengram (Phaseolus radiatus (L.) Millsp.], blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) was studied under different inter- and mixed cropping systems. In rice, the number of effective tillers/m2, number of filled grainstpanicle, 1,000-grain weight and grain yield increased when intercropped with greengram and blackgram and decreased when mixed cropping of rice + pigeonpea was practiced. In associated greengram, blackgram and pigeonpea, the total number of branchestplant, number of filled podsfplant, number of seeds/ pod, 1,000-seed weight and seed yield increased in different intercropping systems. The highest net returns and net returntrupee of investment were obtained from sole crop of pigeonpea. The relative crowding coefficient (RCC) and competitive ratio (CR) values were always greater than unity with all the intercropping systems. The land-equivalent ratio (LER) and monetary advantage (MA) were the highest with rice+greengram intercropping system at a higher level of fertility, whereas rice+pigeonpea intercropping system at a higher level of fertilityshowed the highest values of area-time equivalent ratio (ATER).

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Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rice yield components and grain yield increased with greengram intercropping.

Treatment
intercropped with greengrame0
Interactor
greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0other
Outcome
number of effective tillers/m2, number of filled grainstpanicle, 1,000-grain weight and grain yielde0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Vigna radiata var. radiata
Vigna radiata var. radiata · Interactor · picture of the speciesIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In rice, the number of effective tillers/m2, number of filled grainstpanicle, 1,000-grain weight and grain yield increased when intercropped with greengram and blackgram”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 309–478 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rice yield components and grain yield increased with blackgram intercropping.

Treatment
intercropped with greengram and blackgrame0
Interactor
blackgramVigna mungoe0other
Outcome
number of effective tillers/m2, number of filled grainstpanicle, 1,000-grain weight and grain yielde0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Vigna mungo
Vigna mungo · InteractorSanjay Acharya · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In rice, the number of effective tillers/m2, number of filled grainstpanicle, 1,000-grain weight and grain yield increased when intercropped with greengram and blackgram”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 309–478 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rice yield components and grain yield decreased under mixed cropping with pigeonpea.

Treatment
mixed cropping of rice + pigeonpeae0
Interactor
pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0other
Outcome
grain yielde0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Cajanus cajan
Cajanus cajan · InteractorFilo gèn' · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In rice, the number of effective tillers/m2, number of filled grainstpanicle, 1,000-grain weight and grain yield increased when intercropped with greengram and blackgram and decreased when mixed cropping of rice + pigeonpea was practiced”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 309–546 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Associated legumes had increased yield components and seed yield in intercropping systems.

Treatment
different intercropping systemse0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vigna radiata var. radiata
Vigna radiata var. radiata · Taxon · picture of the speciesIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In associated greengram, blackgram and pigeonpea, the total number of branchestplant, number of filled podsfplant, number of seeds/ pod, 1,000-seed weight and seed yield increased in different intercropping systems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 548–762 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sole pigeonpea had the highest net returns and return per investment.

Taxon
pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
Outcome
net returns and net returntrupee of investmente0
Direction
higheste0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cajanus cajan
Cajanus cajan · TaxonFilo gèn' · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The highest net returns and net returntrupee of investment were obtained from sole crop of pigeonpea”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 764–864 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

All intercropping systems had crowding coefficients and competitive ratios above unity.

Treatment
all the intercropping systemse0
Outcome
relative crowding coefficient (RCC) and competitive ratio (CR)e0
Direction
greater than unitye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The relative crowding coefficient (RCC) and competitive ratio (CR) values were always greater than unity with all the intercropping systems”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 866–1005 · show in text ↑
t0

“of rice (Oryza sativa) with greengram”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–75 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rice plus greengram at higher fertility had the highest LER and monetary advantage.

Treatment
rice+greengram intercropping system at a higher level of fertilitye0
Outcome
land-equivalent ratio (LER) and monetary advantage (MA)e0
Direction
higheste0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The land-equivalent ratio (LER) and monetary advantage (MA) were the highest with rice+greengram intercropping system at a higher level of fertility”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1007–1155 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rice plus pigeonpea at higher fertility had the highest area-time equivalent ratio.

Treatment
rice+pigeonpea intercropping system at a higher level of fertilitye0
Outcome
area-time equivalent ratio (ATER)e0
Direction
higheste0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Oryza sativa
Oryza sativa · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“rice+pigeonpea intercropping system at a higher level of fertilityshowed the highest values of area-time equivalent ratio (ATER)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1165–1293 · show in text ↑

Cajanus cajan · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

15 papers: 7 positive, 8 negative or no effect

7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

11 papers more in this group

See all 15 papers →

Vigna mungo · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

17 papers: 15 positive, 2 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. positive

13 papers more in this group

See all 17 papers →

Vigna radiata var. radiata · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

20 papers: 18 positive, 2 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. positive

16 papers more in this group

See all 20 papers →

intercropping · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ

95 papers: 77 positive, 18 negative or no effect

76 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

91 papers more in this group

See all 95 papers →

intercropping · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results

49 papers: 28 positive, 21 negative or no effect

27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

45 papers more in this group

See all 49 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.