Abstract
Tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis is a disease present in all wheat‐producing countries and silicon (Si) treatment of wheat plants has been shown to increase plant resistance to tan spot. In this study, the effect of phenylpropanoid metabolism on resistance to tan spot was evaluated and some phenolic compounds that accumulated in response to P . tritici‐repentis attack were identified. Furthermore, the effect of Si on phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase ( PAL ) activity and phenolic compound accumulation were determined in situ . Antifungal activity of differentially accumulated phenolic compounds was also evaluated in in vitro tests. Results showed that the increase in concentration of phenolic compounds was greatest at the onset of infection, and that some compounds showed fungitoxic effects including fungal tip swelling, granulation of germ tube and hyphae, and hyphal hyperbranching. Silicon‐induced reduction in both lesion size and tan spot disease progression were associated with activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism. PAL activity and accumulation of antifungal phenolic compounds were greater in pathogen‐inoculated plants supplied with Si. In these plants, fluorescence indicative of accumulation of phenolic compounds occurred early in epidermal cells and its intensity increased during the evaluation period, showing higher numbers of fluorescent cells around infected cells. Thus, the combined responses of cell fluorescence at sites of infection, increased PAL activity and accumulation of phenols indicate that Si strengthened wheat defence responses to infection by P . tritici‐repentis , reducing the severity of tan spot.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
concentration of phenolic compounds was reported in wheat tan spot experiments.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- concentration of phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the increase in concentration of phenolic compounds was greatest at the onset of infection, and that some compounds showed fungitoxic effects including fungal tip swelling, granulation of germ tube and hyphae, and hyphal hyperbranching.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
fungal tip swelling, granulation of germ tube and hyphae, and hyphal hyperbranching was reported in wheat tan spot experiments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- fungal tip swelling, granulation of germ tube and hyphae, and hyphal hyperbranchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the increase in concentration of phenolic compounds was greatest at the onset of infection, and that some compounds showed fungitoxic effects including fungal tip swelling, granulation of germ tube and hyphae, and hyphal hyperbranching.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
lesion size was reported in wheat tan spot experiments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- phenylpropanoid metabolisme0
- Outcome
- lesion sizee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon‐induced reduction in both lesion size and tan spot disease progression were associated with activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
tan spot disease progression was reported in wheat tan spot experiments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- phenylpropanoid metabolisme0
- Outcome
- tan spot disease progressione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon‐induced reduction in both lesion size and tan spot disease progression were associated with activation of phenylpropanoid metabolism.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL activity was reported in wheat tan spot experiments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- PAL activitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PAL activity and accumulation of antifungal phenolic compounds were greater in pathogen‐inoculated plants supplied with Si.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
accumulation of antifungal phenolic compounds was reported in wheat tan spot experiments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- accumulation of antifungal phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PAL activity and accumulation of antifungal phenolic compounds were greater in pathogen‐inoculated plants supplied with Si.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
fluorescence indicative of accumulation of phenolic compounds was reported in wheat tan spot experiments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- fluorescence indicative of accumulation of phenolic compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In these plants, fluorescence indicative of accumulation of phenolic compounds occurred early in epidermal cells and its intensity increased during the evaluation period, showing higher numbers of fluorescent cells around infected cells.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
intensity was reported in wheat tan spot experiments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- intensitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In these plants, fluorescence indicative of accumulation of phenolic compounds occurred early in epidermal cells and its intensity increased during the evaluation period, showing higher numbers of fluorescent cells around infected cells.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
numbers of fluorescent cells was reported in wheat tan spot experiments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- numbers of fluorescent cellse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In these plants, fluorescence indicative of accumulation of phenolic compounds occurred early in epidermal cells and its intensity increased during the evaluation period, showing higher numbers of fluorescent cells around infected cells.”
t0“Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →silicon atom · quality: phytochemicals · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.