Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of years and different locations, beef cattle manure compost (BCMC) and mixed oilseed cake (MOC) application rates on bulb and scale characteristics, nutrient content and nutrient uptake in bulb and leaf, and storage quality of intermediate-day onions (Allium cepa L.) at two organic onion growers' fields during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons. Treatments included BCMC applied at rates of 0, 30 ton·ha-1 and MOC applied at rates of 0, 3, 6, 9 t·ha-1. Average temperature at two experimental locations during the growing season in 2013/2014 was 1.2°C higher than in 2012/2013, while total rainfall was 206.6 mm higher in 2012/2013 than in 2013/2014. Onion bulb diameter, bulb fresh weight, scale thickness and fresh leaf weight were significantly greater in 2013 than in 2014, but bulb dry matter was greater in 2014 than in 2013. Nitrogen, potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) contents and uptakes in bulb were significantly higher in 2013/2014 than in 2012/2013. BCMC application at 30 t·ha-1 rate increased K and Mg contents in bulb and leaf as compared with no BCMC. Total soluble solids (TSSs), pyruvic acid (PA), total phenolics (TPs) and total flavonoids (TFs) contents were higher in 2013/2014 than in 2012/2013. BCMC application at 3 t·ha-1 decreased TSSs and PA content compared with no BCMC. MOC application increased PA content. Rot and weight loss on 8 September in cold room storage were lower in 2013/2014 than in 2012/2013, but the loss on 14 October and 10 December were not significantly different between two years. In conclusion, high air temperature and low rainfall in Mar. and Apr. increased fresh bulb weight and bulb thickness, while high temperature, low rainfall and long sunshine duration increased TSSs, PA, TPs and TFs contents. Compost and oilseed cake application increased fresh bulb weight, scale thickness, while they decreased TSSs and did not affect organic compounds.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Onion bulb diameter, fresh weight, scale thickness and fresh leaf weight were greater in 2013 than 2014.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepat0 - Outcome
- Onion bulb diameter, bulb fresh weight, scale thickness and fresh leaf weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 2014e0
- Setting
- 2013e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion bulb diameter, bulb fresh weight, scale thickness and fresh leaf weight were significantly greater in 2013 than in 2014”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb dry matter was greater in 2014 than 2013.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bulb dry matter was greater in 2014 than in 2013”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb nitrogen, potassium and magnesium contents and uptakes were higher in 2013/2014 than 2012/2013.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen, potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) contents and uptakes in bulbe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 2012/2013e0
- Setting
- 2013/2014e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen, potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) contents and uptakes in bulb were significantly higher in 2013/2014 than in 2012/2013”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
BCMC at 30 t·ha-1 increased potassium and magnesium contents in bulb and leaf relative to no BCMC.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- BCMC application at 30 t·ha-1e0
- Outcome
- K and Mg contents in bulb and leafe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- no BCMCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BCMC application at 30 t·ha-1 rate increased K and Mg contents in bulb and leaf as compared with no BCMC.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
TSSs, PA, TPs and TFs contents were higher in 2013/2014 than 2012/2013.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- Total soluble solids (TSSs), pyruvic acid (PA), total phenolics (TPs) and total flavonoids (TFs) contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 2012/2013e0
- Setting
- 2013/2014e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total soluble solids (TSSs), pyruvic acid (PA), total phenolics (TPs) and total flavonoids (TFs) contents were higher in 2013/2014 than in 2012/2013”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
BCMC at 3 t·ha-1 decreased TSSs and PA content relative to no BCMC.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- BCMC application at 3 t·ha-1e0
- Outcome
- TSSs and PA contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- no BCMCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BCMC application at 3 t·ha-1 decreased TSSs and PA content compared with no BCMC.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
MOC application increased onion PA content.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- MOC applicatione0
- Outcome
- PA contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MOC application increased PA content.”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Rot and weight loss on 8 September in cold storage were lower in 2013/2014 than 2012/2013.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- Rot and weight loss on 8 Septembere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- 2012/2013e0
- Setting
- cold room storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rot and weight loss on 8 September in cold room storage were lower in 2013/2014 than in 2012/2013”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage loss on 14 October and 10 December did not differ significantly between years.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- the losse0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- two yearse0
- Setting
- 14 October and 10 Decembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the loss on 14 October and 10 December were not significantly different between two years”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
High air temperature and low rainfall in March and April increased fresh bulb weight and bulb thickness.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- fresh bulb weight and bulb thicknesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- high air temperature and low rainfalle0
- Setting
- Mar. and Apr.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high air temperature and low rainfall in Mar. and Apr. increased fresh bulb weight and bulb thickness”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature, low rainfall and long sunshine increased TSSs, PA, TPs and TFs contents.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- TSSs, PA, TPs and TFs contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- high temperature, low rainfall and long sunshine duratione0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high temperature, low rainfall and long sunshine duration increased TSSs, PA, TPs and TFs contents”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and oilseed cake increased fresh bulb weight and scale thickness.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Compost and oilseed cake applicatione0
- Outcome
- fresh bulb weight, scale thicknesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost and oilseed cake application increased fresh bulb weight, scale thickness”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and oilseed cake decreased TSSs.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Compost and oilseed cake applicatione1
- Outcome
- TSSse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they decreased TSSs”
e1“Compost and oilseed cake application”
t0“onion”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and oilseed cake did not affect organic compounds.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Compost and oilseed cake applicatione1
- Outcome
- organic compoundse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not affect organic compounds”
e1“Compost and oilseed cake application”
t0“onion”
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