Abstract
The effects of varying processing treatments on the cyanide content of Manihot Esculenta, Zea Mays and Glycine Max were determined using picrate kit method and the following mean concentrations in ppm were obtained: 0.10, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.00, 0.02,0.00, and 0.00 for Cassava, Garri, Fufu, Tapioka, Soybean, Vitamilk, Raw maize, Roasted maize, and Boiled maize respectively. There were statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among all raw samples analysed for the observed phytotoxin (Cyanide) levels. The results obtained from the processed and unprocessed food products generally showed a marked difference (P ≤ 0.05) in cyanide levels between raw and processed food products and this implies that food processing has a marked effect on the cyanide content of different food types indicating success in degradation of cyanide by heat. Heat treatments therefore reduced the cyanide content (approximately 100%) in tested food crops thereby making them suitable and safer for consumption outside creating variety.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cassava had mean cyanide concentration of 0.10 ppm.
- Taxon
- Cassava
Manihot esculentae0 - Outcome
- mean concentrationse0
- Value
- 0.10e0
- Qualifier
- ppme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the following mean concentrations in ppm were obtained: 0.10, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.00, 0.02,0.00, and 0.00 for Cassava, Garri, Fufu, Tapioka, Soybean, Vitamilk, Raw maize, Roasted maize, and Boiled maize respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Garri had mean cyanide concentration of 0.00 ppm.
- Taxon
- Manihot EsculentaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Garrie0
- Outcome
- mean concentrationse0
- Value
- 0.00e0
- Qualifier
- ppme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the following mean concentrations in ppm were obtained: 0.10, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.00, 0.02,0.00, and 0.00 for Cassava, Garri, Fufu, Tapioka, Soybean, Vitamilk, Raw maize, Roasted maize, and Boiled maize respectively.”
t0“Manihot Esculenta”
Claim · model-written summary
Fufu had mean cyanide concentration of 0.00 ppm.
- Taxon
- Manihot EsculentaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Fufue0
- Outcome
- mean concentrationse0
- Value
- 0.00e0
- Qualifier
- ppme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the following mean concentrations in ppm were obtained: 0.10, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.00, 0.02,0.00, and 0.00 for Cassava, Garri, Fufu, Tapioka, Soybean, Vitamilk, Raw maize, Roasted maize, and Boiled maize respectively.”
t0“Manihot Esculenta”
Claim · model-written summary
Tapioka had mean cyanide concentration of 0.00 ppm.
- Taxon
- Manihot EsculentaManihot esculentat0
- Material
- Tapiokae0
- Outcome
- mean concentrationse0
- Value
- 0.00e0
- Qualifier
- ppme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the following mean concentrations in ppm were obtained: 0.10, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.00, 0.02,0.00, and 0.00 for Cassava, Garri, Fufu, Tapioka, Soybean, Vitamilk, Raw maize, Roasted maize, and Boiled maize respectively.”
t0“Manihot Esculenta”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean had mean cyanide concentration of 0.01 ppm.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- mean concentrationse0
- Value
- 0.01e0
- Qualifier
- ppme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the following mean concentrations in ppm were obtained: 0.10, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.00, 0.02,0.00, and 0.00 for Cassava, Garri, Fufu, Tapioka, Soybean, Vitamilk, Raw maize, Roasted maize, and Boiled maize respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamilk had mean cyanide concentration of 0.00 ppm.
- Taxon
- Glycine MaxGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Vitamilke0
- Outcome
- mean concentrationse0
- Value
- 0.00e0
- Qualifier
- ppme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the following mean concentrations in ppm were obtained: 0.10, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.00, 0.02,0.00, and 0.00 for Cassava, Garri, Fufu, Tapioka, Soybean, Vitamilk, Raw maize, Roasted maize, and Boiled maize respectively.”
t0“Glycine Max”
Claim · model-written summary
Raw maize had mean cyanide concentration of 0.02 ppm.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the following mean concentrations in ppm were obtained: 0.10, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.00, 0.02,0.00, and 0.00 for Cassava, Garri, Fufu, Tapioka, Soybean, Vitamilk, Raw maize, Roasted maize, and Boiled maize respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Roasted maize had mean cyanide concentration of 0.00 ppm.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the following mean concentrations in ppm were obtained: 0.10, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.00, 0.02,0.00, and 0.00 for Cassava, Garri, Fufu, Tapioka, Soybean, Vitamilk, Raw maize, Roasted maize, and Boiled maize respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Boiled maize had mean cyanide concentration of 0.00 ppm.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the following mean concentrations in ppm were obtained: 0.10, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.00, 0.02,0.00, and 0.00 for Cassava, Garri, Fufu, Tapioka, Soybean, Vitamilk, Raw maize, Roasted maize, and Boiled maize respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Raw samples differed significantly in cyanide levels.
- Taxon
- Manihot Esculenta , Glycine Max And Zea Mayst0
- Outcome
- phytotoxin (Cyanide) levelse0
- Qualifier
- among all raw samplese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“There were statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among all raw samples analysed for the observed phytotoxin (Cyanide) levels.”
t0“Manihot Esculenta , Glycine Max And Zea Mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat treatments reduced cyanide content by approximately 100% in the tested crops.
Verbatim
e0“Heat treatments therefore reduced the cyanide content (approximately 100%) in tested food crops”
e1“a marked difference (P ≤ 0.05) in cyanide levels between raw and processed food products”
t0“Manihot Esculenta , Glycine Max And Zea Mays”
The same questions in other papers
heat · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →heat · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →heat · molecular: metabolites · Manihot esculenta (cassava)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.