Abstract
Abstract In this study, the anatomical and ultrastructural responses of Capsicum annuum to iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) were determined. The results showed that the bio-effects of Fe NPs on plants could be positive or negative, depending on the additive concentrations. Low concentrations of Fe NPs were found to promote plant growth. Light and electron microscope analyses showed that the Fe NPs promoted plant growth by altering the leaf organization, and increasing the chloroplast number and grana stacking, as well as regulating the development of vascular bundles. Meanwhile, it was found that the Fe NPs could be absorbed in the roots, and then transported to the central cylinder in bio-available forms, where they were translocated and utilized by the leaves and stems. In contrast, high concentrations of Fe NPs appeared to be harmful to the plants, and the majority of Fe NPs were aggregated into cell walls and transported via the apoplastic pathway in the roots, which may potentially block the transfer of iron nutrients. Taken together, the aforementioned data showed that the rational use of Fe NPs could alleviate iron deficiency, and Fe NPs could be an ideal supply for Fe 2+ ions fertilizers in agriculture.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations of Fe NPs promoted plant growth in Capsicum annuum.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuumt0 - Treatment
- Low concentrations of Fe NPse1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- promotee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e1“Low concentrations of Fe NPs were found to promote plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
High concentrations of Fe NPs appeared to be harmful to Capsicum annuum plants.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- high concentrations of Fe NPse2
- Outcome
- harmful to the plantse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e2“high concentrations of Fe NPs appeared to be harmful to the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations of Fe NPs increased the chloroplast number in Capsicum annuum leaves.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Low concentrations of Fe NPse1
- Outcome
- chloroplast numbere4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e1“Low concentrations of Fe NPs were found to promote plant growth”
e4“increasing the chloroplast number and grana stacking”
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations of Fe NPs increased grana stacking in Capsicum annuum leaves.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Low concentrations of Fe NPse1
- Outcome
- grana stackinge4
- Direction
- increasinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e1“Low concentrations of Fe NPs were found to promote plant growth”
e4“increasing the chloroplast number and grana stacking”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe NPs altered the leaf organization of Capsicum annuum.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Outcome
- altering the leaf organizatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e3“the Fe NPs promoted plant growth by altering the leaf organization”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe NPs regulated the development of vascular bundles in Capsicum annuum.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Outcome
- regulating the development of vascular bundlese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e5“regulating the development of vascular bundles”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe NPs promoted plant growth by altering leaf organization and increasing chloroplast number and grana stacking.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- Low concentrations of Fe NPse1
- Outcome
- plant growthe3
- Qualifier
- by altering the leaf organizatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e1“Low concentrations of Fe NPs were found to promote plant growth”
e3“the Fe NPs promoted plant growth by altering the leaf organization”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe NPs could be absorbed in the roots of Capsicum annuum.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Outcome
- absorbed in the rootse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e6“the Fe NPs could be absorbed in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe NPs were transported to the central cylinder in bio-available forms.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Outcome
- transported to the central cylindere7
- Qualifier
- in bio-available formse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e7“transported to the central cylinder in bio-available forms”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe NPs were translocated and utilized by the leaves and stems of Capsicum annuum.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse1
- Outcome
- translocated and utilized by the leaves and stemse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e1“they were translocated and utilized by the leaves and stems”
Claim · model-written summary
Most high-concentration Fe NPs were aggregated into cell walls in the roots.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- cell wallse3
- Treatment
- high concentrations of Fe NPse2
- Outcome
- aggregated into cell wallse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e2“high concentrations of Fe NPs appeared to be harmful to the plants”
e3“the majority of Fe NPs were aggregated into cell walls and transported via the apoplastic pathway in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Most high-concentration Fe NPs were transported via the apoplastic pathway in the roots.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- high concentrations of Fe NPse2
- Outcome
- transported via the apoplastic pathwaye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e2“high concentrations of Fe NPs appeared to be harmful to the plants”
e3“the majority of Fe NPs were aggregated into cell walls and transported via the apoplastic pathway in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
High-concentration Fe NPs may potentially block the transfer of iron nutrients.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Treatment
- high concentrations of Fe NPse2
- Outcome
- transfer of iron nutrientse4
- Qualifier
- may potentially blocke4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e2“high concentrations of Fe NPs appeared to be harmful to the plants”
e4“may potentially block the transfer of iron nutrients”
Claim · model-written summary
Rational use of Fe NPs could alleviate iron deficiency in Capsicum annuum.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Outcome
- alleviate iron deficiencye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e1“the rational use of Fe NPs could alleviate iron deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe NPs could be an ideal supply for Fe2+ ion fertilizers in agriculture.
- Taxon
- Capsicum annuumCapsicum annuumt0
- Outcome
- an ideal supply for Fe 2+ ions fertilizerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Capsicum annuum”
e1“Fe NPs could be an ideal supply for Fe 2+ ions fertilizers in agriculture”
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See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.