Abstract
Exposure of plants to low temperature in the light may induce photoinhibitory stress symptoms, including oxidative damage. However, it is also known that light is a critical factor for the development of frost hardiness in cold tolerant plants. In the present work the effects of light during the cold acclimation period were studied in chilling-sensitive maize plants. Before exposure to chilling temperature at 5°C, plants were cold acclimated at non-lethal temperature (15°C) under different light conditions. Although exposure to relatively high light intensities during cold acclimation caused various stress symptoms, it also enhanced the effectiveness of acclimation processes to a subsequent severe cold stress. It seems that the photoinhibition induced by low temperature is a necessary evil for cold acclimation processes in plants. Greater accumulations of soluble sugars were also detected during hardening at relatively high light intensity. Certain stress responses were light-dependent not only in the leaves, but also in the roots. The comparison of the gene expression profiles based on a microarray study demonstrated that the light intensity is at least as important a factor as the temperature during the cold acclimation period. Differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in most of assimilation and metabolic pathways, namely photosynthetic light capture via the modification of chlorophyll biosynthesis and the dark reactions, carboxylic acid metabolism, cellular amino acid, porphyrin or glutathione metabolic processes, ribosome biogenesis and translation. Results revealed complex regulation mechanisms and interactions between cold and light signalling processes.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
High light intensity during cold acclimation caused various stress symptoms in chilling-sensitive maize.
- Treatment
- relatively high light intensities during cold acclimatione1
- Outcome
- various stress symptomse1
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling-sensitive maize plants”
e1“Although exposure to relatively high light intensities during cold acclimation caused various stress symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
High light intensity during cold acclimation enhanced the effectiveness of acclimation to a subsequent severe cold stress in maize.
- Treatment
- relatively high light intensities during cold acclimatione1
- Outcome
- effectiveness of acclimation processese2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling-sensitive maize plants”
e1“Although exposure to relatively high light intensities during cold acclimation caused various stress symptoms”
e2“it also enhanced the effectiveness of acclimation processes to a subsequent severe cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugars accumulated more during hardening at relatively high light intensity in maize.
- Treatment
- relatively high light intensitye1
- Outcome
- accumulations of soluble sugarse1
- Direction
- Greatere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling-sensitive maize plants”
e1“Greater accumulations of soluble sugars were also detected during hardening at relatively high light intensity”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress responses in maize were light-dependent in the leaves and also in the roots.
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- lighte1
- Outcome
- stress responsese1
- Qualifier
- not only in the leaves, but also in the rootse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling-sensitive maize plants”
e1“Certain stress responses were light-dependent not only in the leaves, but also in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Light intensity was at least as important a factor as temperature for gene expression profiles during cold acclimation in maize.
- Treatment
- light intensitye1
- Outcome
- gene expression profilese1
- Direction
- at least as importante1
- Comparator
- temperaturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling-sensitive maize plants”
e1“The comparison of the gene expression profiles based on a microarray study demonstrated that the light intensity is at least as important a factor as the temperature during the cold acclimation period”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentially expressed genes in maize during cold acclimation were mainly involved in assimilation and metabolic pathways.
- Outcome
- Differentially expressed genese1
- Qualifier
- namely photosynthetic light capture via the modification of chlorophyll biosynthesis and the dark reactions, carboxylic acid metabolism, cellular amino acid, porphyrin or glutathione metabolic processes, ribosome biogenesis and translatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling-sensitive maize plants”
e1“Differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in most of assimilation and metabolic pathways, namely photosynthetic light capture via the modification of chlorophyll biosynthesis and the dark reactions, carboxylic acid metabolism, cellular amino acid, porphyrin or glutathione metabolic processes, ribosome biogenesis and translation”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold and light signalling interact through complex regulation mechanisms in maize.
- Outcome
- complex regulation mechanisms and interactionse1
- Qualifier
- between cold and light signalling processese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling-sensitive maize plants”
e1“Results revealed complex regulation mechanisms and interactions between cold and light signalling processes”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature photoinhibition is suggested to be a necessary evil for cold acclimation processes in maize.
- Outcome
- cold acclimation processese1
- Qualifier
- photoinhibition induced by low temperature is a necessary evile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling-sensitive maize plants”
e1“It seems that the photoinhibition induced by low temperature is a necessary evil for cold acclimation processes in plants”
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