Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify the requirements and the response of sunflower to boron (B) supply when grown in a silty caly soil. Two native soils B contents have been prospected. The soil “1” contains 0.66 mg kg−1 of B and soil “2” contains 0.19 mg kg−1 of B (Hot water extraction). For soil “1”, six levels of B supply (0, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg−1) were tested during 2015 season. For soil “2”, six B rates (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg kg−1) were tested during 2016 season. B was applied in the sodium form (Na2B8O13·4H2O). The experiments were conducted in containers. The results showed the absence of B symptoms deficiency on sunflower grown in the both studied soils. The kernels B content at harvest was around 20 mg kg−1 for all B rates. The kernels yield components (Kernels dry weight, 1000 kernels weight and number of kernels per head) and the contents of kernels on oil and on protein did not show any enhancement with B application. However, B supply higher than or equal to 5 mg kg−1 and 10 mg kg−1 in soil “1” and in soil “2”, respectively, induced phytotoxicity symptoms without affecting growth, biomass and oil production.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower showed no boron deficiency symptoms in either soil.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Outcome
- absence of B symptoms deficiencye0
- Setting
- both studied soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed the absence of B symptoms deficiency on sunflower grown in the both studied soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel boron content was around 20 mg kg−1 at harvest across all B rates.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- kernelse0
- Outcome
- kernels B contente0
- Value
- 20 mg kg−1e0
- Qualifier
- all B ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The kernels B content at harvest was around 20 mg kg−1 for all B rates”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron application did not improve kernel dry weight, 1000-kernel weight or kernels per head.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- B applicatione0
- Outcome
- Kernels dry weight, 1000 kernels weight and number of kernels per heade0
- Direction
- did not show any enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The kernels yield components (Kernels dry weight, 1000 kernels weight and number of kernels per head) and the contents of kernels on oil and on protein did not show any enhancement with B application”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron application did not improve kernel oil or protein content.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- B applicatione0
- Outcome
- contents of kernels on oil and on proteine0
- Direction
- did not show any enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The kernels yield components (Kernels dry weight, 1000 kernels weight and number of kernels per head) and the contents of kernels on oil and on protein did not show any enhancement with B application”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron at or above 5 mg kg−1 in soil 1 induced sunflower phytotoxicity symptoms.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- B supply higher than or equal to 5 mg kg−1e0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity symptomse0
- Setting
- soil “1”e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B supply higher than or equal to 5 mg kg−1 and 10 mg kg−1 in soil “1” and in soil “2”, respectively, induced phytotoxicity symptoms”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Boron at or above 10 mg kg−1 in soil 2 induced sunflower phytotoxicity symptoms.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 10 mg kg−1e0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity symptomse0
- Setting
- soil “2”e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B supply higher than or equal to 5 mg kg−1 and 10 mg kg−1 in soil “1” and in soil “2”, respectively, induced phytotoxicity symptoms”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The phytotoxic B supply did not affect sunflower growth, biomass or oil production.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- B supplye1
- Outcome
- growth, biomass and oil productione0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced phytotoxicity symptoms without affecting growth, biomass and oil production”
e1“B supply higher than or equal to 5 mg kg−1 and 10 mg kg−1 in soil “1” and in soil “2”, respectively”
t0“Sunflower”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.