Abstract
Here, we investigated the effects of selenium (Se) applications on two strawberry varieties, Akihime and Benihoppe, under chilling stress and recovery conditions. Changes in photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, ascorbate (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle-related enzyme activities, and low-molecular-mass antioxidant contents were determined. Foliar spraying with Se alleviated the decline in the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content and increased the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents of strawberry seedlings’ leaves under chilling stress. As the time under chilling stress increased, the stomatal conductance decreased and intercellular CO2 concentration increased, suggesting that nonstomatal factors had major limiting effects on the net photosynthetic rate’s decrease. Se applications significantly alleviated the adverse impacts of chilling stress on changes in stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration. Se, especially at lower concentrations, significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxide enzyme activities during chilling stress. Approximately 5 mg·L−1 of sodium selenite solution had the greatest stress-alleviating effects. Among the AsA-GSH cycle-related enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) treatments, coupled with an appropriate dose of Se, significantly enhanced ascorbate peroxidase and MDHAR activities, which suggested that Se applications played important roles in strawberry leaves by affecting AsA-GSH cycle-related defenses against the oxidative damage caused by chilling stress. Furthermore, MDHAR was the key enzyme required to maintain the balance between AsA consumption and regeneration that may assist in protecting strawberry seedlings in a low-temperature environment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium alleviated chilling-related decline in net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Organ / stage
- seedlings’ leavese0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with See0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- alleviated the declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with Se alleviated the decline in the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content and increased the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents of strawberry seedlings’ leaves under chilling stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium increased malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in chilled strawberry leaves.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- seedlings’ leavese0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying with See0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying with Se alleviated the decline in the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content and increased the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents of strawberry seedlings’ leaves under chilling stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer chilling decreased stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- chilling stresse0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the time under chilling stress increased, the stomatal conductance decreased and intercellular CO2 concentration increased”
e1“two strawberry varieties, Akihime and Benihoppe”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer chilling increased intercellular CO2 concentration.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- chilling stresse0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the time under chilling stress increased, the stomatal conductance decreased and intercellular CO2 concentration increased”
e1“two strawberry varieties, Akihime and Benihoppe”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium significantly alleviated chilling effects on stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- Se applicationse0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentratione0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se applications significantly alleviated the adverse impacts of chilling stress on changes in stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration”
e1“two strawberry varieties, Akihime and Benihoppe”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxide enzyme activities during chilling.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- See0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxide enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- especially at lower concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se, especially at lower concentrations, significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxide enzyme activities during chilling stress”
e1“two strawberry varieties, Akihime and Benihoppe”
Claim · model-written summary
Approximately 5 mg·L−1 sodium selenite had the greatest stress-alleviating effects.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- Approximately 5 mg·L−1 of sodium selenite solutione0
- Outcome
- stress-alleviating effectse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Approximately 5 mg·L−1 of sodium selenite solution had the greatest stress-alleviating effects”
e1“two strawberry varieties, Akihime and Benihoppe”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium significantly enhanced ascorbate peroxidase and MDHAR activities.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- an appropriate dose of See0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase and MDHAR activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an appropriate dose of Se, significantly enhanced ascorbate peroxidase and MDHAR activities”
e1“strawberry leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors identify MDHAR as key to balancing ascorbate consumption and regeneration.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Gene
- MDHARe0
- Outcome
- balance between AsA consumption and regeneratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MDHAR was the key enzyme required to maintain the balance between AsA consumption and regeneration”
e1“two strawberry varieties, Akihime and Benihoppe”
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