Abstract
Among the heavy metals (HMs), lead (Pb) is considered as a toxic HM which adversely affects growth and development of crop plants. The present experiment was aimed to investigate the potential role of ascorbic acid (ASC) in the reversal of Pb-inhibited nitrogen and sulfur assimilation enzymes activity and activity of photosynthesis enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and growth response in wheat plants. Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb. Plants treated with Pb exhibited the following reduced growth characteristics (root length, shoot length, root fresh weight (FW), shoot FW, root dry weight (DW) and shoot DW). A decrease was also observed in the activity of Rubisco and ATP sulfurylase (ATP-S), relative water content (RWC), accumulation of total chlorophyll (Total Chl) and content of nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)] in Pb-treated plants. However, an increase in Chl degradation and in the activity of O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OAS-TL) and accumulation of cysteine (Cys), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was observed in plants under Pb stress. On the contrary, exogenous application of ASC mitigated the Pb-toxicity-induced oxidative damage by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase. Improved activity of antioxidant enzymes suppressed the formation of MDA and H2O2, which was reflected in the form of improved growth characteristics. Moreover, ASC induced improvement in plants defense systems by reduced Chl degradation and improved the content of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and Cys, RWC and the activity of Rubisco, ATP-S, NR and OAS-TL.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Pb treatment reduced root length and shoot length of wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlings
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 2 mM of Pbe0
- Outcome
- root length, shoot lengthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“Plants treated with Pb exhibited the following reduced growth characteristics (root length, shoot length, root fresh weight (FW), shoot FW, root dry weight (DW) and shoot DW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb treatment reduced root fresh weight and shoot fresh weight of wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2 mM of Pbe0
- Outcome
- root fresh weight (FW), shoot FWe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“Plants treated with Pb exhibited the following reduced growth characteristics (root length, shoot length, root fresh weight (FW), shoot FW, root dry weight (DW) and shoot DW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb treatment reduced root dry weight and shoot dry weight of wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2 mM of Pbe0
- Outcome
- root dry weight (DW) and shoot DWe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“Plants treated with Pb exhibited the following reduced growth characteristics (root length, shoot length, root fresh weight (FW), shoot FW, root dry weight (DW) and shoot DW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb treatment decreased the activity of Rubisco and ATP sulfurylase in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2 mM of Pbe0
- Outcome
- activity of Rubisco and ATP sulfurylase (ATP-S)e1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“A decrease was also observed in the activity of Rubisco and ATP sulfurylase (ATP-S)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb treatment decreased relative water content and total chlorophyll accumulation in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2 mM of Pbe0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC), accumulation of total chlorophyll (Total Chl)e1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“A decrease was also observed in the activity of Rubisco and ATP sulfurylase (ATP-S), relative water content (RWC), accumulation of total chlorophyll (Total Chl)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb treatment decreased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2 mM of Pbe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K)e1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“A decrease was also observed in the activity of Rubisco and ATP sulfurylase (ATP-S), relative water content (RWC), accumulation of total chlorophyll (Total Chl) and content of nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb treatment decreased the content of calcium and magnesium in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2 mM of Pbe0
- Outcome
- calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)e1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“A decrease was also observed in the activity of Rubisco and ATP sulfurylase (ATP-S), relative water content (RWC), accumulation of total chlorophyll (Total Chl) and content of nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb stress increased chlorophyll degradation and OAS-TL activity in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2 mM of Pbe0
- Outcome
- Chl degradation and in the activity of O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OAS-TL)e1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“an increase in Chl degradation and in the activity of O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OAS-TL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pb stress increased accumulation of cysteine, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 2 mM of Pbe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of cysteine (Cys), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“an increase in Chl degradation and in the activity of O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OAS-TL) and accumulation of cysteine (Cys), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ASC mitigated Pb-induced oxidative damage in wheat by enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of ASCe1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductasee1
- Direction
- enhancinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“exogenous application of ASC mitigated the Pb-toxicity-induced oxidative damage by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved antioxidant enzyme activity suppressed formation of MDA and H2O2, reflected in improved growth characteristics of Pb-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- formation of MDA and H2O2e1
- Qualifier
- Improved activity of antioxidant enzymese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“Improved activity of antioxidant enzymes suppressed the formation of MDA and H2O2, which was reflected in the form of improved growth characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
ASC reduced chlorophyll degradation in Pb-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ASCe1
- Outcome
- Chl degradatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“ASC induced improvement in plants defense systems by reduced Chl degradation”
Claim · model-written summary
ASC improved the content of essential nutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg in Pb-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ASCe1
- Outcome
- content of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg)e1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“ASC induced improvement in plants defense systems by reduced Chl degradation and improved the content of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg)”
Claim · model-written summary
ASC improved cysteine content and relative water content in Pb-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ASCe1
- Outcome
- Cys, RWCe1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“ASC induced improvement in plants defense systems by reduced Chl degradation and improved the content of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and Cys, RWC”
Claim · model-written summary
ASC improved the activity of Rubisco and ATP-S in Pb-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ASCe1
- Outcome
- activity of Rubisco, ATP-Se1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“ASC induced improvement in plants defense systems by reduced Chl degradation and improved the content of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and Cys, RWC and the activity of Rubisco, ATP-S, NR and OAS-TL”
Claim · model-written summary
ASC improved the activity of NR and OAS-TL in Pb-stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- Wheat seedlingsTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ASCe1
- Outcome
- NR and OAS-TLe1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat seedlings were subjected to 0 mM (control) and 0.2 mM and 0.6 mM of ASC with and without 2 mM of Pb”
e1“ASC induced improvement in plants defense systems by reduced Chl degradation and improved the content of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and Cys, RWC and the activity of Rubisco, ATP-S, NR and OAS-TL”
The same questions in other papers
lead atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →lead atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
lead atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →lead atom · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →ascorbic acid · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
ascorbic acid · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
lead atom · physiology: water · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
ascorbic acid · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.