Abstract
Endogenous Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp. isolates were tested in vitro, in vivo and in situ for their antagonistic activity against Verticillium spp. causing tomato vascular wilt in Tunisia. Gliocladium catenulatum, G. roseum and Penicillium sp. isolates reduced the radial growth of V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpus in comparison to the untreated controls. Antagonistic potential of Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp. against tested wilt agents showed intraand inter-specific variations. Additionally to the sclerotinization inhibitory activity and to the reduced abundance of resting structures of Verticillium spp. observed, compared to untreated controls, antagonists tested caused several alterations of Verticillium spp. mycelium at the confrontation zone. The germination of V. dahliae microsclerotia, exposed for 30 min to liquid cultures of antagonists tested and incubated at 20°C, was completely suppressed compared to the control microsclerotia treated with sterile distilled water. Furthermore, germinating microsclerotia dual cultured with Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp. became inable to germinate and mature microsclerotia progressively lost their typical dark colour. All tomato cv. ‘Ventura’ plants, when treated at planting with Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp. spore suspensions and inoculated with V. dahliae, showed after 60 days of culture under growth chamber conditions, reduced severity of Verticillium wilt in comparison to inoculated and untreated control plants. Plants treated with antagonists tested showed increased height and root and stem fresh weights in comparison to the inoculated and untreated control. The discoloration index, noted on tomato plants treated at planting by G. catenulatum, G. roseum and Penicillium sp. and grown under greenhouse conditions, was significantly reduced compared to the untreated control. Plants treated with Penicillium sp. showed, after 90 days of culture, an increase of more than 40% of their roots and stem fresh weights in comparison to the untreated control. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
G. catenulatum reduced growth of the tested Verticillium species.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Gliocladium catenulatume0
- Interactor
- V. dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee0pathogen - Second interactor
- Gliocladium catenulatum
Clonostachys rosea f. catenulatae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- radial growth of V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpuse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gliocladium catenulatum, G. roseum and Penicillium sp. isolates reduced the radial growth of V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpus in comparison to the untreated controls.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
G. roseum reduced growth of the tested Verticillium species.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- G. roseume0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- G. roseumClonostachys roseae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- radial growth of V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpuse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gliocladium catenulatum, G. roseum and Penicillium sp. isolates reduced the radial growth of V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpus in comparison to the untreated controls.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium isolates reduced growth of the tested Verticillium species.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Penicillium sp. isolatese0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Penicillium sp.
Penicilliume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- radial growth of V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpuse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gliocladium catenulatum, G. roseum and Penicillium sp. isolates reduced the radial growth of V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpus in comparison to the untreated controls.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonistic potential varied within and between Gliocladium and Penicillium species.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- Gliocladium spp.
Gliocladiume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- Antagonistic potential of Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antagonistic potential of Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp. against tested wilt agents showed intraand inter-specific variations.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonists inhibited sclerotinization and reduced Verticillium resting structures.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- antagonists testede1
- Interactor
- Verticillium spp.Verticilliume0pathogen
- Outcome
- resting structures of Verticillium spp.e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sclerotinization inhibitory activity and to the reduced abundance of resting structures of Verticillium spp. observed, compared to untreated controls”
e1“antagonists tested caused several alterations of Verticillium spp. mycelium at the confrontation zone.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonists altered Verticillium mycelium at confrontation zones.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- antagonists testede0
- Interactor
- Verticillium spp.Verticilliume0pathogen
- Outcome
- alterations of Verticillium spp. myceliume0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antagonists tested caused several alterations of Verticillium spp. mycelium at the confrontation zone.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonist liquid cultures completely suppressed V. dahliae microsclerotia germination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- liquid cultures of antagonists testede0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- germination of V. dahliae microsclerotiae0
- Direction
- completely suppressede0
- Comparator
- control microsclerotia treated with sterile distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination of V. dahliae microsclerotia, exposed for 30 min to liquid cultures of antagonists tested and incubated at 20°C, was completely suppressed compared to the control microsclerotia treated with sterile distilled water.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual cultured germinating microsclerotia could no longer germinate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- dual cultured with Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp.e0
- Interactor
- Gliocladium spp.Gliocladiume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- microsclerotiae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germinating microsclerotia dual cultured with Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp. became inable to germinate”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature microsclerotia progressively lost their dark colour during antagonist dual culture.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- dual cultured with Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp.e1
- Outcome
- typical dark coloure0
- Direction
- loste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mature microsclerotia progressively lost their typical dark colour.”
e1“dual cultured with Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonist spore suspensions reduced tomato wilt severity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- cv. ‘Ventura’e0
- Treatment
- Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp. spore suspensionse0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Gliocladium spp.Gliocladiume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- severity of Verticillium wilte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- inoculated and untreated control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All tomato cv. ‘Ventura’ plants, when treated at planting with Gliocladium spp. and Penicillium sp. spore suspensions and inoculated with V. dahliae, showed after 60 days of culture under growth chamber conditions, reduced severity of Verticillium wilt in comparison to inoculated and untreated control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonist treatment increased tomato height and root and stem fresh weights.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- antagonists testede0
- Outcome
- height and root and stem fresh weightse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- inoculated and untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with antagonists tested showed increased height and root and stem fresh weights in comparison to the inoculated and untreated control.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
G. catenulatum significantly reduced tomato discoloration index.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- G. catenulatume0
- Interactor
- G. catenulatumClonostachys rosea f. catenulatae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- discoloration indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The discoloration index, noted on tomato plants treated at planting by G. catenulatum, G. roseum and Penicillium sp. and grown under greenhouse conditions, was significantly reduced compared to the untreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
G. roseum significantly reduced tomato discoloration index.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- G. roseume0
- Interactor
- G. roseumClonostachys roseae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- discoloration indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The discoloration index, noted on tomato plants treated at planting by G. catenulatum, G. roseum and Penicillium sp. and grown under greenhouse conditions, was significantly reduced compared to the untreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium significantly reduced tomato discoloration index.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Penicillium sp.e0
- Interactor
- Penicillium sp.Penicilliume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- discoloration indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The discoloration index, noted on tomato plants treated at planting by G. catenulatum, G. roseum and Penicillium sp. and grown under greenhouse conditions, was significantly reduced compared to the untreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium increased tomato root and stem fresh weights by over 40%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Penicillium sp.e0
- Interactor
- Penicillium sp.Penicilliume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- roots and stem fresh weightse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- more than 40%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants treated with Penicillium sp. showed, after 90 days of culture, an increase of more than 40% of their roots and stem fresh weights in comparison to the untreated control.”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
Clonostachys rosea · Verticillium dahliae · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Penicillium · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
biocontrol · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.