Abstract
Excess of salt and cadmium (Cd) damage the plant's growth; however, Cd toxicity is more severe under saline condition. Triticum aestivum transmembrane 20 (TaTM20) and salt overly sensitive (SOS) respond to salinity. Moreover, wheat-Azospirillum association system leads to an increase in wheat tolerance to abiotic stresses. Less information exists related to the effect of salinity and Cd under wheat-Azospirillum associated system. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Azospirillum-wheat association under salinity and/or Cd stresses. Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar) inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense Sp7and grown for five days, and then transferred into hydroponic media for five more days with and without 200 mmol NaCl and/or 50 mg L -1 Cd, respectively. Root and shoot samples were separated and then dry weight, proline, photosynthetic pigments, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities, Cd, Fe, Ca, Na, K were measured. Simultaneously, relative expression of TaSOS1 and TaTM20 in the root were measured. The results show salinity and/or Cd have increased root's TaSOS1 expression and higher upregulation was seen in inoculated seedlings. Meanwhile TaTM20 gene expression upregulated only under Cd and Cd plus salinity conditions. Salinity and/or Cd were increased root and shoot proline, CAT, APX, Na + and Cd whereas dry weight, pigments, Fe, Ca, K were decreased. A. brasilense could improve salinity and Cd adverse effects by more upregulation of TaSOS1 transcript level, lower Na/K ratio and less Fe and Ca deficiency, higher pigments, proline and APX and CAT activities to produce more dry weight.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and/or cadmium increased root TaSOS1 expression.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- Sardari cultivare1
- Treatment
- salinity and/or Cde0
- Gene
- TaSOS1e0
- Outcome
- root's TaSOS1 expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity and/or Cd have increased root's TaSOS1 expression”
e1“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated seedlings had greater TaSOS1 upregulation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- inoculated seedlingse0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense Sp7
Azospirillum brasilensee3symbiont - Gene
- TaSOS1e1
- Outcome
- TaSOS1 expressione1
- Direction
- higher upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher upregulation was seen in inoculated seedlings”
e1“TaSOS1 expression”
e2“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
e3“Azospirillum brasilense Sp7and”
Claim · model-written summary
TaTM20 expression increased only with cadmium alone or combined with salinity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Cd and Cd plus salinity conditionse0
- Gene
- TaTM20e0
- Outcome
- TaTM20 gene expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaTM20 gene expression upregulated only under Cd and Cd plus salinity conditions”
e1“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and/or cadmium increased root and shoot proline, CAT and APX.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Salinity and/or Cde0
- Outcome
- root and shoot proline, CAT, APXe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity and/or Cd were increased root and shoot proline, CAT, APX, Na + and Cd”
e1“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and/or cadmium increased root and shoot sodium and cadmium.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Salinity and/or Cde0
- Outcome
- Na + and Cde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity and/or Cd were increased root and shoot proline, CAT, APX, Na + and Cd”
e1“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and/or cadmium reduced dry weight and pigments.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Salinity and/or Cde1
- Outcome
- dry weight, pigmentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight, pigments, Fe, Ca, K were decreased”
e1“Salinity and/or Cd”
e2“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and/or cadmium reduced iron, calcium and potassium.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Salinity and/or Cde1
- Outcome
- Fe, Ca, Ke0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry weight, pigments, Fe, Ca, K were decreased”
e1“Salinity and/or Cd”
e2“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum increased TaSOS1 transcript upregulation under salinity and cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- A. brasilensee0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Gene
- TaSOS1e0
- Outcome
- TaSOS1 transcript levele0
- Direction
- more upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. brasilense could improve salinity and Cd adverse effects by more upregulation of TaSOS1 transcript level”
e1“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum lowered the sodium to potassium ratio.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- A. brasilensee1
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee1symbiont
- Outcome
- Na/K ratioe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower Na/K ratio”
e1“A. brasilense”
e2“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum reduced iron and calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- A. brasilensee1
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee1symbiont
- Outcome
- Fe and Ca deficiencye0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less Fe and Ca deficiency”
e1“A. brasilense”
e2“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum increased pigments, proline and APX and CAT activities.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- A. brasilensee1
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee1symbiont
- Outcome
- pigments, proline and APX and CAT activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher pigments, proline and APX and CAT activities”
e1“A. brasilense”
e2“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum increased dry weight under stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- A. brasilensee1
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee1symbiont
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to produce more dry weight”
e1“A. brasilense”
e2“Wheat seedlings (Sardari cultivar)”
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