Abstract
Plum pox virus (PPV, family Potyviridae) is one of the most important viral pathogens of Prunus spp. causing considerable damage to stone-fruit industry worldwide. Among the PPV strains identified so far, only PPV-C, PPV-CR, and PPV-CV are able to infect cherries under natural conditions. Herein, we evaluated the pathogenic potential of two viral isolates in herbaceous host Nicotiana benthamiana. Significantly higher accumulation of PPV capsid protein in tobacco leaves infected with PPV-CR (RU-30sc isolate) was detected in contrast to PPV-C (BY-101 isolate). This result correlated well with the symptoms observed in the infected plants. To further explore the host response upon viral infection at the molecular level, a comprehensive proteomic profiling was performed. Using reverse-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography followed by label-free mass spectrometry quantification, we identified 38 unique plant proteins as significantly altered due to the infection. Notably, the abundances of photosynthesis-related proteins, mainly from the Calvin-Benson cycle, were found more aggressively affected in plants infected with PPV-CR isolate than those of PPV-C. This observation was accompanied by a significant reduction in the amount of photosynthetic pigments extracted from the leaves of PPV-CR infected plants. Shifts in the abundance of proteins that are involved in stimulation of photosynthetic capacity, modification of amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism may affect plant growth and initiate energy formation via gluconeogenesis in PPV infected N. benthamiana. Furthermore, we suggest that the higher accumulation of H2O2 in PPV-CR infected leaves plays a crucial role in plant defense and development by activating the glutathione synthesis.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
PPV-CR infection accumulated more PPV capsid protein than PPV-C infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Treatment
- PPV-CR (RU-30sc isolate)e0
- Interactor
- PPV-CRe0pathogen
- Outcome
- PPV capsid proteine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- PPV-C (BY-101 isolate)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“Significantly higher accumulation of PPV capsid protein in tobacco leaves infected with PPV-CR (RU-30sc isolate) was detected in contrast to PPV-C (BY-101 isolate)”
Claim · model-written summary
Capsid accumulation correlated with symptoms in infected plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Outcome
- symptoms observed in the infected plantse0
- Qualifier
- correlated welle0
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“This result correlated well with the symptoms observed in the infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Viral infection significantly altered 38 unique plant proteins.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- Plum pox virusPlum pox virust1pathogen
- Outcome
- plant proteinse0
- Value
- 38e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“Plum pox virus”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“we identified 38 unique plant proteins as significantly altered due to the infection”
Claim · model-written summary
PPV-CR affected photosynthesis-related protein abundances more strongly than PPV-C.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- PPV-CR isolatee0
- Interactor
- PPV-CRe0pathogen
- Outcome
- abundances of photosynthesis-related proteinse0
- Comparator
- PPV-Ce0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
t1“Plum pox virus”
e0“abundances of photosynthesis-related proteins, mainly from the Calvin-Benson cycle, were found more aggressively affected in plants infected with PPV-CR isolate than those of PPV-C”
Claim · model-written summary
PPV-CR infected leaves had significantly reduced photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- PPV-CRe0pathogen
- Outcome
- amount of photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“a significant reduction in the amount of photosynthetic pigments extracted from the leaves of PPV-CR infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest protein abundance shifts may affect growth and energy formation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- PPVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant growth and initiate energy formation via gluconeogenesise0
- Qualifier
- Shifts in the abundance of proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“Shifts in the abundance of proteins that are involved in stimulation of photosynthetic capacity, modification of amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism may affect plant growth and initiate energy formation via gluconeogenesis in PPV infected N. benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest H2O2 accumulation in PPV-CR infected leaves activates glutathione synthesis in plant defense and development.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Interactor
- PPV-CRe0pathogen
- Compound
- H2O2e0
- Outcome
- plant defense and developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
e0“higher accumulation of H2O2 in PPV-CR infected leaves plays a crucial role in plant defense and development by activating the glutathione synthesis”