Abstract
Postemergence application of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize fields can cause great damage to certain maize inbred lines and hybrids. Two maize genotypes, tolerant inbred (HBR) and sensitive inbred (HBS), were found to significantly differ in their phenotypic responses to nicosulfuron, with the EC50 (50% effective concentration) values differed statistically (763.6 and 5.9 g a.i. ha–1, respectively). Pre-treatment with malathion, a known cytochrome P450 inhibitor, increased nicosulfuron injury in both HBR and HBS. Our results support the hypothesis that nicosulfuron selectivity in maize is associated with cytochrome P450 metabolism. Further analysis of the maize genome resulted in the identification of 314 full length cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) genes. These genes were classified into 2 types, 10 clans and 44 families. The CYP71 clan was represented by all A-type genes (168) belonging to 17 families. Nine clans possessed 27 families containing 146 non-A-type genes. The consensus sequences of the heme-binding regions of A-type and non-A-type CYP proteins are ‘PFGXGRRXCPG’ and ‘FXXGPRXCXG’, respectively. Illumina transcriptome sequence results showed that there were 53 differentially expressed CYP genes on the basis of high variation in expression between HBS and HBR, nicosulfuron-treated and untreated samples. These genes may contribute to nicosulfuron tolerance in maize. A hierarchical clustering analysis obtained four main clusters named C1 to C4 in which 4, 15, 21, and 13 CYP genes were found in each respective cluster. The expression patterns of some CYP genes were confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis. The research will improve our understanding of the function of maize cytochrome P450 in herbicide metabolism.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerant HBR and sensitive HBS maize inbreds differed significantly in nicosulfuron response, with EC50 values of 763.6 and 5.9 g a.i. ha–1.
- Material
- HBRe0
- Treatment
- nicosulfurone0
- Outcome
- EC50 (50% effective concentration)e0
- Direction
- significantly differe0
- Value
- 763.6 and 5.9 g a.i. ha–1e0
- Comparator
- HBSe0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two maize genotypes, tolerant inbred (HBR) and sensitive inbred (HBS), were found to significantly differ in their phenotypic responses to nicosulfuron, with the EC50 (50% effective concentration) values differed statistically (763.6 and 5.9 g a.i. ha–1, respectively).”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion pretreatment increased nicosulfuron injury in HBR.
- Material
- HBRe0
- Treatment
- Pre-treatment with malathione0
- Outcome
- nicosulfuron injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-treatment with malathion, a known cytochrome P450 inhibitor, increased nicosulfuron injury in both HBR and HBS.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion pretreatment increased nicosulfuron injury in HBS.
- Material
- HBSe0
- Treatment
- Pre-treatment with malathione0
- Outcome
- nicosulfuron injurye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-treatment with malathion, a known cytochrome P450 inhibitor, increased nicosulfuron injury in both HBR and HBS.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors associate nicosulfuron selectivity with cytochrome P450 metabolism.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results support the hypothesis that nicosulfuron selectivity in maize is associated with cytochrome P450 metabolism.”
Claim · model-written summary
Genome analysis identified 314 full length maize CYP genes.
- Gene
- cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) genese0
- Outcome
- 314 full length cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) genese0
- Value
- 314e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further analysis of the maize genome resulted in the identification of 314 full length cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) genes.”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize CYP genes were classified into 2 types, 10 clans and 44 families.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These genes were classified into 2 types, 10 clans and 44 families.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The CYP71 clan contained all 168 A-type genes in 17 families.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CYP71 clan was represented by all A-type genes (168) belonging to 17 families.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine clans contained 146 non-A-type genes in 27 families.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nine clans possessed 27 families containing 146 non-A-type genes.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
A-type CYP proteins had the PFGXGRRXCPG heme-binding consensus.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The consensus sequences of the heme-binding regions of A-type and non-A-type CYP proteins are ‘PFGXGRRXCPG’ and ‘FXXGPRXCXG’, respectively.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-A-type CYP proteins had the FXXGPRXCXG heme-binding consensus.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The consensus sequences of the heme-binding regions of A-type and non-A-type CYP proteins are ‘PFGXGRRXCPG’ and ‘FXXGPRXCXG’, respectively.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptome sequencing found 53 CYP genes differentially expressed across genotype and nicosulfuron treatment comparisons.
- Treatment
- nicosulfuron-treated and untreated samplese0
- Gene
- CYP genese0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed CYP genese0
- Value
- 53e0
- Comparator
- HBS and HBRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Illumina transcriptome sequence results showed that there were 53 differentially expressed CYP genes on the basis of high variation in expression between HBS and HBR, nicosulfuron-treated and untreated samples.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hierarchical clustering placed CYP genes into four clusters with 4, 15, 21 and 13 genes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A hierarchical clustering analysis obtained four main clusters named C1 to C4 in which 4, 15, 21, and 13 CYP genes were found in each respective cluster.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RT-qPCR confirmed expression patterns of some CYP genes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression patterns of some CYP genes were confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
The same questions in other papers
malathion · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.