Abstract
The herbicide nicosulfuron is an important tool for weed control in maize crops; however, its incorrect use can cause yield losses to crops due to its high toxicity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of using herbicide safener to increase selectivity of nicosulfuron to maize crops. The experiment was conducted in field conditions, and the treatments consisted of dose-response curves, using nicosulfuron at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g ha-1, applied with safener and/or malathion to maize crops at the V5-V6 stage. The use of organophosphorus insecticides such as malathion decrease the selectivity of nicosulfuron to maize crops. Rates of up to 60 g ha-1 were selective to the maize crops when using nicosulfuron or nicosulfuron + safener. However, plant height decreased 0.19 and 0.91 cm for each gram of nicosulfuron in the treatments nicosulfuron + safener + malathion, and nicosulfuron + malathion, respectively, at 28 days after the application. The phytotoxicity increased 0.19% and 0.97% in the treatments nicosulfuron + safener + malathion and nicosulfuron + malathion, respectively. The number of grains per row and grain yield were affected by the treatments with nicosulfuron + malathion, presenting decreases of 0.09 grains and 52 kg ha-1, respectively. Thus, adding safener to the herbicide mixture increases the selectivity of nicosulfuron to maize crops, decreases damages regarding plant height and phytotoxicity, and prevents effects of the herbicide on the number of grains per row and grain yield, up to the rate of 60 g ha-1.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion decreased nicosulfuron selectivity to maize.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of organophosphorus insecticides such as malathion decrease the selectivity of nicosulfuron to maize crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron alone was selective to maize at up to 60 g ha-1.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rates of up to 60 g ha-1 were selective to the maize crops when using nicosulfuron or nicosulfuron + safener.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron plus safener was selective to maize at up to 60 g ha-1.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rates of up to 60 g ha-1 were selective to the maize crops when using nicosulfuron or nicosulfuron + safener.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under nicosulfuron plus safener plus malathion, maize height fell 0.19 cm per gram of nicosulfuron.
- Treatment
- nicosulfuron + safener + malathione0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.19e0
- Qualifier
- 28 days after the applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height decreased 0.19 and 0.91 cm for each gram of nicosulfuron in the treatments nicosulfuron + safener + malathion, and nicosulfuron + malathion, respectively, at 28 days after the application.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Under nicosulfuron plus malathion, maize height fell 0.91 cm per gram of nicosulfuron.
- Treatment
- nicosulfuron + malathione0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.91 cm for each gram of nicosulfurone0
- Qualifier
- 28 days after the applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height decreased 0.19 and 0.91 cm for each gram of nicosulfuron in the treatments nicosulfuron + safener + malathion, and nicosulfuron + malathion, respectively, at 28 days after the application.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytotoxicity under nicosulfuron plus safener plus malathion increased 0.19%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytotoxicity increased 0.19% and 0.97% in the treatments nicosulfuron + safener + malathion and nicosulfuron + malathion, respectively.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytotoxicity under nicosulfuron plus malathion increased 0.97%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytotoxicity increased 0.19% and 0.97% in the treatments nicosulfuron + safener + malathion and nicosulfuron + malathion, respectively.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron plus malathion reduced maize grains per row by 0.09 grains.
- Treatment
- nicosulfuron + malathione0
- Outcome
- number of grains per rowe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 0.09 grainse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of grains per row and grain yield were affected by the treatments with nicosulfuron + malathion, presenting decreases of 0.09 grains and 52 kg ha-1, respectively.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron plus malathion reduced maize grain yield by 52 kg ha-1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of grains per row and grain yield were affected by the treatments with nicosulfuron + malathion, presenting decreases of 0.09 grains and 52 kg ha-1, respectively.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding safener increased nicosulfuron selectivity, reduced height and phytotoxicity damage, and prevented losses in grains per row and yield up to 60 g ha-1.
- Treatment
- adding safener to the herbicide mixturee0
- Outcome
- increases the selectivity of nicosulfuron to maize cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, adding safener to the herbicide mixture increases the selectivity of nicosulfuron to maize crops, decreases damages regarding plant height and phytotoxicity, and prevents effects of the herbicide on the number of grains per row and grain yield, up to the rate of 60 g ha-1.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.