Abstract
Pisum sativum L. (field pea) is a crop of a high nutritional value and seed oil content. The characterization of pea germplasm is important to improve yield and quality. This study aimed at using fatty acid profiling and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to evaluate the variation and relationships of 25 accessions of French pea. It also aimed to conduct a marker-trait associations analysis using the crude oil content as the target trait for this analysis, and to investigate whether 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) could enhance salt tolerance in the pea germplasm. The percentage of crude oil of the 25 pea genotypes varied from 2.6 to 3.5%, with a mean of 3.04%. Major fatty acids in all of the accessions were linoleic acid. Moreover, the 12 AFLP markers used were polymorphic. The cluster analysis based on fatty acids data or AFLP data divided the 25 pea germplasm into two main clusters. The gene diversity of the AFLP markers varied from 0.21 to 0.58, with a mean of 0.41. Polymorphic information content (PIC) of pea germplasm varied from 0.184 to 0.416 with a mean of 0.321, and their expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.212 to 0.477 with a mean of 0.362. The AFLP results revealed that the Nain Ordinaire cultivar has the highest level of genetic variability, whereas Elatius 3 has the lowest level. Three AFLP markers (E-AAC/M-CAA, E-AAC/M-CAC, and E-ACA/M-CAG) were significantly associated with the crude oil content trait. The response of the Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 cultivars to high salinity stress was studied. High salinity (150 mM NaCl) slightly reduced the photosynthetic pigments contents in Nain Ordinaire leaves at a non-significant level, however, the pigments contents in the Elatius 3 leaves were significantly reduced by high salinity. Antioxidant enzymes (APX—ascorbate peroxidase; CAT—catalase; and POD—peroxidase) activities were significantly induced in the Nain Ordinaire cultivar, but non-significantly induced in Elatius 3 by high salinity. Priming the salt-stressed Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 plants with ALA significantly enhanced the pigments biosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activities, and stress-related genes expression, as compared to the plants stressed with salt alone. In conclusion, this study is amongst the first investigations that conducted marker-trait associations in pea, and revealed a sort of correlation between the diversity level and salt tolerance.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Crude oil content of the 25 pea accessions ranged from 2.6 to 3.5%.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Material
- 25 pea genotypese1
- Outcome
- percentage of crude oile1
- Value
- 2.6 to 3.5%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“The percentage of crude oil of the 25 pea genotypes varied from 2.6 to 3.5%, with a mean of 3.04%”
Claim · model-written summary
Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in all accessions.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- Major fatty acidse1
- Qualifier
- linoleic acide1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“Major fatty acids in all of the accessions were linoleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The 12 AFLP markers used were polymorphic.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Gene
- AFLP markerse1
- Outcome
- polymorphice1
- Value
- 12 AFLP markerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“the 12 AFLP markers used were polymorphic”
Claim · model-written summary
Cluster analysis based on fatty acid or AFLP data grouped the 25 pea accessions into two main clusters.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- 25 pea germplasme1
- Outcome
- cluster analysise1
- Value
- two main clusterse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“The cluster analysis based on fatty acids data or AFLP data divided the 25 pea germplasm into two main clusters”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene diversity of the AFLP markers ranged from 0.21 to 0.58, mean 0.41.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Gene
- AFLP markerse1
- Outcome
- gene diversitye1
- Value
- 0.21 to 0.58, with a mean of 0.41e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“The gene diversity of the AFLP markers varied from 0.21 to 0.58, with a mean of 0.41”
Claim · model-written summary
Polymorphic information content of the pea germplasm ranged from 0.184 to 0.416, mean 0.321.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- pea germplasme1
- Outcome
- Polymorphic information content (PIC)e1
- Value
- 0.184 to 0.416 with a mean of 0.321e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“Polymorphic information content (PIC) of pea germplasm varied from 0.184 to 0.416 with a mean of 0.321”
Claim · model-written summary
Expected heterozygosity of the pea germplasm ranged from 0.212 to 0.477, mean 0.362.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- expected heterozygosity (He)e1
- Value
- 0.212 to 0.477 with a mean of 0.362e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“their expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.212 to 0.477 with a mean of 0.362”
Claim · model-written summary
The Nain Ordinaire cultivar had the highest level of genetic variability among the accessions.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- Nain Ordinaire cultivare1
- Outcome
- genetic variabilitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“The AFLP results revealed that the Nain Ordinaire cultivar has the highest level of genetic variability, whereas Elatius 3 has the lowest level.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elatius 3 had the lowest level of genetic variability among the accessions.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- Elatius 3e1
- Outcome
- genetic variabilitye1
- Direction
- loweste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“The AFLP results revealed that the Nain Ordinaire cultivar has the highest level of genetic variability, whereas Elatius 3 has the lowest level.”
Claim · model-written summary
Three AFLP markers were significantly associated with crude oil content.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Gene
- E-AAC/M-CAA, E-AAC/M-CAC, and E-ACA/M-CAGe1
- Outcome
- crude oil content traite1
- Direction
- significantly associatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“Three AFLP markers (E-AAC/M-CAA, E-AAC/M-CAC, and E-ACA/M-CAG) were significantly associated with the crude oil content trait”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity (150 mM NaCl) slightly reduced pigment content in Nain Ordinaire leaves, not significantly.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- Nain Ordinairee1
- Treatment
- High salinity (150 mM NaCl)e1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments contentse1
- Direction
- slightly reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“High salinity (150 mM NaCl) slightly reduced the photosynthetic pigments contents in Nain Ordinaire leaves at a non-significant level”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity significantly reduced pigment content in Elatius 3 leaves.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- Elatius 3e1
- Treatment
- high salinitye1
- Outcome
- pigments contentse1
- Direction
- significantly reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“the pigments contents in the Elatius 3 leaves were significantly reduced by high salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity significantly induced antioxidant enzyme activities in Nain Ordinaire.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- Nain Ordinaire cultivare1
- Treatment
- high salinitye1
- Outcome
- Antioxidant enzymes (APX—ascorbate peroxidase; CAT—catalase; and POD—peroxidase) activitiese1
- Direction
- significantly inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“Antioxidant enzymes (APX—ascorbate peroxidase; CAT—catalase; and POD—peroxidase) activities were significantly induced in the Nain Ordinaire cultivar, but non-significantly induced in Elatius 3 by high salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity non-significantly induced antioxidant enzyme activities in Elatius 3.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- Elatius 3e1
- Treatment
- high salinitye1
- Outcome
- Antioxidant enzymes (APX—ascorbate peroxidase; CAT—catalase; and POD—peroxidase) activitiese1
- Direction
- non-significantly inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“Antioxidant enzymes (APX—ascorbate peroxidase; CAT—catalase; and POD—peroxidase) activities were significantly induced in the Nain Ordinaire cultivar, but non-significantly induced in Elatius 3 by high salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA priming significantly enhanced pigment biosynthesis in salt-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3e1
- Treatment
- Priming the salt-stressed Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 plants with ALAe1
- Outcome
- pigments biosynthesise1
- Direction
- significantly enhancede1
- Comparator
- the plants stressed with salt alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“Priming the salt-stressed Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 plants with ALA significantly enhanced the pigments biosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activities, and stress-related genes expression, as compared to the plants stressed with salt alone”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA priming significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in salt-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3e1
- Treatment
- Priming the salt-stressed Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 plants with ALAe1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitiese1
- Direction
- significantly enhancede1
- Comparator
- the plants stressed with salt alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“Priming the salt-stressed Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 plants with ALA significantly enhanced the pigments biosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activities, and stress-related genes expression, as compared to the plants stressed with salt alone”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA priming significantly enhanced stress-related gene expression in salt-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- Priming the salt-stressed Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 plants with ALAe1
- Gene
- stress-related genese1
- Outcome
- stress-related genes expressione1
- Direction
- significantly enhancede1
- Comparator
- the plants stressed with salt alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“Priming the salt-stressed Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 plants with ALA significantly enhanced the pigments biosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activities, and stress-related genes expression, as compared to the plants stressed with salt alone”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report a correlation between genetic diversity level and salt tolerance in pea.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse0
- Material
- pea germplasme2
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
- Direction
- correlatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pisum sativum L. (field pea)”
e1“revealed a sort of correlation between the diversity level and salt tolerance”
e2“The characterization of pea germplasm is important”
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.